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1 Client Consultation and Assessment > 1.1 Client Consultation and Assessment > Flashcards

1.1 Client Consultation and Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What 7 components of PT services assed to determine compatibility.

mnemonic = avoidsnotty client

A

MEEWCUS

  1. Mission statement
  2. Education
  3. Experience
  4. When and where services available
  5. Certifications expertise/specialization
  6. Unique features of delivery system
  7. Success rate
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2
Q

What 6 things should be discussed/considered in client motivation assessment?

Take clients to DAATOP

A
  1. Describe past exercise experiences
  2. Appreciation for exercise
  3. Availability of support
  4. Time management
  5. Organizational skills
  6. Potential obstacles that may affect adherence
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3
Q

What tool is used to assess safety of client participation in exercise?

A
  • Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire - PAR-Q
    • 7 questions that determine safety of exercise via self-recall of observations and signs/symptoms + existing diagnosis
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4
Q

What 9 things should be discussed/agreed upon prior to initial training session

CCCPPETTS

A
  1. Cancellation policy
  2. Cost structure
  3. Circumstances doccument → void
  4. Parties involved
  5. Payment Process
  6. Expectations of parties
  7. Timeline of delivery
  8. Termination of contract
  9. Services
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5
Q

What is informed consent and what is purpose/benefit?

A

A protective legal document that informs the client of any inherent risks associated with fitness testing and participation in an exercise program.

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6
Q

What are 3 reasons for assessing attitude and readiness inventory?

A
  1. Identify any potential risks associated with client’s present health status
  2. Evaluate positive risk factors associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CA), medical conditions and diagnosed disease, and current lifestyle
  3. Stratify risk and refer clients to physicians as necessary
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7
Q

Define Stage of Readiness.

What are the 5 stages?

A

Motivation exists on a contimum of readiness

  1. Precontemplation
    • No desire or thout about↑ physical activity
  2. Contemplation
    • Not yet physically active, but wants/thinking about ↑ physical activity
  3. Preparation
    • @ Least > 30 min moderate exercise 1-3 days/week
  4. Action
    • @ Least 30 min exercise 5 ≥ days/week, for < 6 months
  5. Maintenance
    • @ Least 30 min exercise 5 ≥ days/week, for > 6 months
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8
Q
  • What is lack of self-efficacy? Give an example
  • What 4 tools improve self-efficacy?
A
  • Lack of self-efficacy = lack of confidence in his/her ability to perform specific actions leading to a successful behavior outcome
    • Poor self-concept/lack social physique anxiety → lack of confidence in ability to perform actions to improve physique
  • 4 things ↑ Self efficacy:
    1. Performance accomplishments
      • Goal accomplishments build confidence
    2. Modeling effects
      • Seeing other perform target behavior → imitative behavior
    3. Verbal persuasion
      • Encouragement from a respected source = “you have potential”
    4. Physiological arousal or anxiety
      • Client may judge arousal negatively (“I’m too nervous”) or positively (“I’m ready”)
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9
Q
  • Define Self-Motivation theory, intrinsic and extrinsically motivated behavior.
  • What are the 4 stages on continuum?
A
  • Self-determination/internalization = people operate on motivational continuum of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
    • Intrinsically motivated behavior - behavior engaged in for sense of enjoyment/fun
    • Extrinsically motivated behavior - behavior to achieve external goal or outcome
  1. Amotivation
    • ​total lack of intrinsic or extrinsic motivation
  2. External regulation
    • Engages in behavior to avoid punishment, not for personal satisfaction
  3. Introjected regulation:
    • exercise as means to valued end (e.g. correct form during training internalized to please trainer)
  4. Identified regulation
    • ​Sees PT’s instructions as beneficial
    • Follows PT’s leadership instead of initiating behavior
  5. Integrated regulation
    • Client has internalized value of exercise behavior
    • Engages in it freely
    • client and PT agree on goals
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10
Q

Why do people procrastinate in fitness and what should PT do?

A
  • Procrastination = too many options to must decide between, decision-making itself often leads to stagnation.
  • Personal trainers must help clients so that they aren’t left weighing options in a state indecision.
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11
Q

Give 4 examples of questions that help identify false beliefs

A
  1. What is your ideal approach to getting in shape?
  2. What have you tried int he past to achieve the fitness results you want?
  3. What exercise/nutrition strategies do you feel are important?
  4. What do you feel you need to do to reshape your body and improve your health and fitness?
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12
Q

4 steps for identifying and modify negative self talk.

If you don’t modify self-talk, consequences may be dire.

A
  1. Develop awareness of self-talk
  2. Identify self-talk it @ specific time each day, (e.g b4 training session)
  3. Record self-talk and identify what more supportive/motivating alternatives
  4. Swap 3 common self-talk phrases and 3 better phrases, write them as affirmations
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13
Q

Define visualization including benefit/purpose and give 3 examples

A
  • Visualization = uses ability of brain to draw/recall mental images that can help learn how to create positive emotional responses and improve motivation
  1. Witness past success
  2. Witness future success
  3. Witness value (e.g. see the result/valued outcome immediately before, during, or after workout)
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14
Q
  • What are relaxation exercises for mental imagery and what is our default state when sitting?
  • Describe example of progressive relaxation and what it teaches
A
  • Relaxation Exercise for mental imagery = mental conditioning exercises, must be performed in a relaxed state. Often our muscles are tense even when we are sitting.
  • Progressive relaxation = individual tightens each muscle group, one at a time and follows contraction with full relaxation Teaches to differentiate between sensations of muscle tension/relaxation
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15
Q

What are 3 objectives of medical/health appraisal

A
  1. Identify any potential risks associated with client’s present health status
  2. Evaluate positive risk factors associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CA), medical conditions and diagnosed disease, and current lifestyle
  3. Stratify risk and refer clients to physicians as necessary
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16
Q

What are 3 benefits of PARQ what are 2 drawbacks?

A
  • Benefits
    1. Identifies individuals who require additional medical screening
    2. Does not exclude those who would benefit from participation in low-intensity activity
    3. Cheap
  • Drawbacks
    1. Designed to determine exercise safety and not necessarily CAD risk factors.
    2. Limited ability to identify medications and contraindications to exercise
17
Q
  • What is a Health/Medical Questionnaire?
  • What does it identify?
  • How does it differ from PARQ?
  • What sorts of questions does it ask?
A
  • Health/Medical Questionnaire = tool for assessing the appropriateness of moderate and vigorous levels of exercise in that it can:
  • Identify positive coronary risk factors associated with:
    • CAD
    • Sudden cardiac death risk factors
    • Existing diagnosed pathologies
    • Orthopedic concerns
    • Recent operations
    • Personal history of suggested signs and symptoms, medications, supplements, and lifestyle management.
  • Identifies risk factors (which PAR-Q does not) and some contraindications.
  • Present/Past medical symptoms/conditions, family history
18
Q

What are 2 purposes of administering lifestyle questionnaire?

A
  1. Evaluate personal choices, and patterns related to dietary intake, management of stress, level of physical activity and other practices that may affect person’s health, CAD risk factors, and risk stratification.
  2. Clarify and confirm personal issues possibly perceived as assets or obstacles to client’s success. Info for developing goals.
19
Q

What 3 categories of questions on lifestyle questionnaire and what is benefit/insight of these questions?

A
  1. Dietary intake
    • Correlation b/w dietary sat fat and cholesterol and development of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup)
    • Under consumption → osteoporosis
    • Over consumption → obesity and diabetes
    • Sodium → chronic elevation of SBP/worsen heart failure
  2. Physical activity levels
    • Note signs and symptoms associated with activity
    • No/low physical activity ↑ risk of CAD
  3. Stress management
    • Correlation between stress and CAD Type A behavior patterns may contribute to overall risk for developing CAD
20
Q
  • What defines moderate risk client?
  • Medical exam + graded exercise test requirements: for
    • Mod exercise
    • Vigorous exercise
  • MD supervision recommedations for
    • Sub max testing
    • Max testing
A
  • Asymptomatic with ≥ 2 CVD risk factors
  • Medical exam requirments
    • Mod ex = not nec
    • Vig ex = recommended
  • MD supervision reccomendations
    • Submax = not nec
    • Max = recommended
21
Q
  • What defines low risk client?
  • Medical exam + graded exercise test requirements:
    • Mod exercise
    • Vigorous exercise
  • MD supervision recommendations for
    • Submax exercise test
    • Max exercise test
A
  • Asymptomatic ≤ 1 CVD risk factors
  • Medical exam + graded exercise test prior to exercise
    • Mod ex = not nec
    • Vig ex = not nec
  • MD supervision for exercise test reccomended
    • Submax = not nec
    • Max = not nec
22
Q
  • What defines high risk client?
  • Medical exam + graded exercise test requirements:
    • Mod exercise
    • Vigorous exercise
  • MD supervision exercise test recommendations
    • Submax
    • Max
A
  • Symptomatic, or known cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic disease
  • Medical + graded exercise test recommendations
    • Mod ex = recommended
    • Vig ex = recommended Submax = recommended Max = recommended
23
Q
  • What are 8 positive CAD risk factors?
    1. Age
    2. Family history
    3. Cigarette smoking
    4. Sedentary lifestyle
    5. Obesity
    6. Hypertension
    7. Dyslipidemia
    8. Prediabetes
  • What is 1 negative CAD risk factor?
A
  • Positive risk factors
    1. Age = M ≥ 45, W ≥ 55
    2. Family history = myocardial infraction, coronary revascularization, or sudden death before 55 in 1st degree male relative or before 65 in 1st degree female relative
    3. Cigarette smoking = current, environmental, or quit w/in 6 months
    4. Sedentary lifestyle ≤ 30 minutes mod intensity (40-60% VO2 reserve) 3 x week for @ least 3 months
    5. Obesity = BMI ≥ 30, or male waist girth 102cm/40in, female waist girth = 88cm/35
    6. Hypertension = either/and/or
      1. SPB ≥ 140
      2. DBP ≥ 90
    7. Dyslipidemia = any of 3
      1. LDL ≥ 130
      2. HDL < 40
      3. Total serum ≥ 200
    8. Prediabetes
      1. Impaired fasting glucose = 100 ≤ fasting glucose < 126
      2. Impaired glucose tolerance = 140 ≤ glucose levels < 200
  • Negative risk factor = High serum HDL ≥ 60
24
Q

Who requires medical exam prior to exercise? (4 situations)

A
  1. Moderate risk clients
    1. Wishing to engage in vigorous exercise
    2. MD supervision on a maximal test
  2. High risk clients
    1. Wishing to engage in moderate or vigorous exercise.
    2. MD supervision on submaximal and maximal tests
  3. Clients who answered yes to 1 or more PAR-Q questions
  4. Clients who exhibits signs/symptoms of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease
25
Q

What 6 pieces of information should be included on a physician’s referral form?

A
  1. Assessment of individual’s functional capacity
  2. Classification of ability to participate based on evaluation
    1. Class 1 = presumably healthy without apparent heart disease, eligible to participate in unsupervised program
    2. Class 2 = presumably healthy with > 1 risk factors for heart disease, eligible to participate in supervised program
    3. Class 3 = patient not eligible for this program, and a medically supervised program
  3. Identification of preexisting conditions that may be worsened by exercised
  4. Prescribed medications
  5. Fitness program recommendations
  6. Continuing education

1 Client Consultation and Assessment (4 decks)

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