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textiles paper 1 > 1.1 classification of materials > Flashcards

1.1 classification of materials Flashcards

1
Q

what are all textile fibres made from

A

long chain molecules ( polymers )

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2
Q

what are the main sources of fibres

A

natural cellulose, natural protein, manufactured ( regenerated ) and synthetic fibres

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3
Q

what is a polymer

A

a long chain of molecules made up of fibre forming atoms that are linked together

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4
Q

what are regenerated fibres

A

a fibre made from natural cellulose that has been chemically modified

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5
Q

what are synthetic fibres

A

a fibre made entirely from synthetic polymers based on petrochemicals

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6
Q

what are the classifications of natural fibres

A
  • natural plant fibres
  • natural animal fibres
  • natural animal hair fibres
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7
Q

what are examples of natural plant fibres

A

cotton, linen and ramie

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8
Q

what are examples of natural animal fibres

A

wool and silk

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9
Q

what are examples of natural animal hair fibres

A

cashmere, mohair and angora

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10
Q

what are the classifications of manufactured cellulosic regenerated fibres

A
  • regenerated fibres
  • new generation lyocell fibres
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11
Q

what are examples of regenerated fibres

A
  • viscose made from wood pulp
  • acetate made from cotton waste
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12
Q

why are new generation lyocell fibres more environmentally friendly then regenerated fibres

A

because the cellulose is harvested from sustainably grown trees and some of the fibres are produced using a closed loop system that reuses the chemicals needed to modify the cellulose

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13
Q

what are examples of new generation lyocell fibres

A

modal and lyocell ( eg. tencel )

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14
Q

what are the classifications of synthetic fibres

A
  • polyamides
  • polyesters
  • polyacrylic
  • elastomeric fibres
  • chlorofibres and fluorofibres
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15
Q

what are examples of polyamides

A
  • polyamide ( nylon ), tactel and supplex
  • aramid fibres eg. kevlar and nomex which have been developed from polyamide fibres to have high performance technical properties
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16
Q

what are examples of polyesters

A

polyester, trevira and polartec

17
Q

what are examples of polyacrylic

A

acrylic

18
Q

what are elastomeric fibres made from

A

synthetic polymers with the physical property of elasticity. only small amounts are needed to give lots of stretch. the fibres form the core of corespun yarns used to produce stretch yarn and woven stretch fabrics

19
Q

what are examples of elastomeric fibres

A

elastane eg. lycra and spandex

20
Q

what are chlorofibres and fluorofibres

A

manmade synthetic polymers, mostly used as coatings on textiles. coatings involve applying a layer of polymer to the surface of a fabric to make it stain resistant, water repellent and breathable

21
Q

what are examples of chlorofibres and fluorofibres

A
  • chlorofibres: polyvinyl chloride
  • fluorofibres: teflon
22
Q

what is the classification of manufactured inorganic fibres

A

inorganic fibres

23
Q

how are inorganic fibres created

A

from natural elements which after processing at high temperatures are transformed into fibres

24
Q

what are examples of inorganic fibres

A

glass, carbon, metallic and ceramic

25
Q

what are smart materials

A

materials that react to external stimuli/changes in the environment without human intervention. once the stimuli/change is removed the material reverts back to its original form

26
Q

what are examples of smart materials

A
  • reactive materials
  • photochromic dyes
  • phase changing materials
27
Q

what are reactive materials

A

materials that respond to changes such as loss of heat or levels of air pollution

28
Q

what are photochromic dyes

A

dyes that respond to changes in UV light

29
Q

what is an example of a phase changing materials

A

outlast - a smart fabric used in performance wear which has the ability to absorb, store and release body heat to regulate a persons microclimate

30
Q

what are modern materials

A

new materials that have beeb developed through the invention of new or improved processes

31
Q

why are modern materials not smart materials

A

because they dont react to external stimuli/change however they are sometimes referred to as technical textiles

32
Q

what are examples of modern materials

A
  • microfibres
  • microencapsulated fibres and fabrics
  • nano fibres
33
Q

what are microfibres

A

extremely fine fibres eg. tactel

34
Q

what are microencapsulated fibres and fabrics

A

microcapsules with beneficial or cosmetic chemicals embedded which are casually released by rubbing

35
Q

what are nano fibres

A

fibres that are significantly finer than microfibres, recent developments include self cleaning and UV protection properties

textiles paper 1 (4 decks)

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