1.1 carbohydrates Flashcards
name 3 monosaccharides
-glucose
-galactose
-fructose
how is the structure of glucose related to it’s function?
Glycosidic bonds between glucose molecules are hydrolised to release glucose molecules for respiration. Braches allow for more sites of enzyme activity, so glucose can be released quickly.
how and what type of bond is formed between monosaccharides?
-glycosidic bonds
-condensation reaction
name three disaccharides
- sucrose
- lactose
- maltose
what is sucrose made of?
glucose+fructose
what is lactose made of?
glucose+galactose
what is maltose made of?
glucose+ glucose
name 3 polysaccharides
- glycogen (a glucose)
- starch (a glucose)
- cellulose (b glucose)
polysaccharides: glycogen
- main energy storage in animals and formed from many a glucose molecules joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.
- has a large number of side branches meaning the molecule can be hydrolysed and energy can be released quickly.
- large but compact maximising energy store.
polysaccharides: starch
- main energy store in plants
- a glucose
- mix of two compounds: amylose+amylopectin
- amylose: unbranched chain of glucose molecules joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds, coiled and compact to store a lot of energy
- amylopectin: brached and joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds, due to many side branches it is rapidly digested by enzymes so enzymes are released quickly.
-starch is insoluble and compact
polysaccharides: cellulose
- cell wall structure in plants that gives strength+support
- long straight chains of b glucose held together by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- insoluble
- cross-linking with hydrogen bonds
what are the differences between starch and cellulose?
Starch uses 1,4 and 1,6 alpha linkages and has a branched structure, whereas cellulose uses 1,4 beta linkages and has a rigid, elongated structure.
how are carbohydrates split?
hydrolysis reactions
