1.1: beginning w/ bones

Question 1

Ventral

Answer 1

Anterior (stomach)

Question 2

Dorsal

Answer 2

Posterior (back)

Question 3

Axial

Answer 3

Main axis (head, neck, chest, ribs, spine)

Question 4

Appendicular

Answer 4

Limbs (shoulders, pelvis, and all appendages)

Question 5

Antecubital

Answer 5

Inside crook of elbow

Question 6

Axillary

Answer 6

Armpit

Question 7

Calcaneal

Answer 7

Heel

Question 8

Carpal

Answer 8

Wrist

Question 9

Cephalic

Answer 9

Head

Question 10

Digital

Answer 10

Toes

Question 11

Occipital

Answer 11

Back of the head (occipital lobe)

Question 12

Olecranal

Answer 12

Back of elbow (olecranon)

Question 13

Popliteal

Answer 13

Back of knee

Question 14

Tarsal

Answer 14

Ankle

Question 15

Coronal / frontal plane

Answer 15

Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

Question 16

Sagittal plane

Answer 16

Divides body vertically into unequal right and left parts

Question 17

Transverse / axial plane

Answer 17

Divides body horizontally into superior & inferior

Question 18

Median/l plane

Answer 18

Divides body vertically into equal left & right sides

Question 19

Dorsal body cavity

Answer 19

Dorsal meaning posterior - cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Question 20

Ventral body cavity

Answer 20

Two parts - thoracic cavity and abdomino-pelvic cavity (separated by diaphragm)

Question 21

Thoracic cavity

Answer 21

Encloses heart and lungs (surrounded by ribs)

Question 22

Abdomino-pelvic cavity

Answer 22

Abdominal cavity (contains stomach, liver, kidneys) and pelvic cavity (contains bladder & reproductive organs)

Question 23

Types of tissue

Answer 23

Nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective

Question 24

Epithelial tissue

Answer 24

Lines outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels; absorb and secrete substances

Question 25

Connective tissue

Answer 25

Supports and connects other tissue types (include adipose [fat], cartilage, bone, and blood)

Question 26

Orbicularis oculi origin

Answer 26

Between mandible and maxilla

Question 27

Orbicularis oculi insertion

Answer 27

Eyelids (tarsal plates)

Question 28

Orbicularis oculi action

Answer 28

Closes eyes

Question 29

Orbicularis oris origin

Answer 29

Maxilla

Question 30

Orbicularis oris insertion

Answer 30

Upper and lower lip tissue

Question 31

Orbicularis oris action

Answer 31

Closes lips

Question 32

Temporalis origin

Answer 32

Temporal fossa

Question 33

Temporalis insertion

Answer 33

Mandible

Question 34

Temporalis action

Answer 34

Closes mouth (mandible elevation)

Question 35

Flat bones

Answer 35

Layers: Compact bone Spongy bone Compact bone Marrow but no marrow cavity

Question 36

Long bones

Answer 36

Shaft & longer than it is wide; thick outside with marrow-filled cavity and spongy bone at ends

Question 37

Irregular bones

Answer 37

Thin layers of spongy bone surrounded by compact & don't fit other classifications

Question 38

Short bones

Answer 38

Cube shape (equal length / width); mostly spongy bone surrounded by thin compact bone

Question 39

Epiphysis

Answer 39

Ends of long bones that contain spongy (trabecular) bone & red bone marrow

Question 40

Diaphysis

Answer 40

Shaft - contains medullary cavity & yellow bone marrow

Question 41

Compact bone

Answer 41

Surrounds medullary cavity (AKA cortical bone)

Question 42

Metaphysis

Answer 42

Area where long bone flares

Question 43

Number of each vertebrae

Answer 43

7 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacrum (fused) 4 coccyx (fused) 33 total

Question 44

Number of bones in hand

Answer 44

27

Question 45

Types and number of ribs

Answer 45

True rubs: 1-7 False ribs: 8-10 Floating ribs: 11-12

Question 46

Transverse fracture (desc. + cause)

Answer 46

Perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and don't pierce skin Occurs when bone bends before breaking

Question 47

Comminuted fracture

Answer 47

Bone is broken in more than 1 place (may or may not pierce skin) - typically caused by high-velocity collisions

Question 48

Oblique fracture

Answer 48

Bone is broken with an angled pattern

Question 49

Compound fracture

Answer 49

Skin is pierced by the bone

Question 50

Osteoblast (def. + how they work)

Answer 50

Form bone cells by releasing bone matrix , which turns proteins into new tissues & fills in gaps

Question 51

Osteoclast (def. + how they work)

Answer 51

Destroy old/damaged bone cells by secreting acids

Question 52

Fracture healing stages

Answer 52

1) Hematoma formation 2) Fibrocartilage callus formation 3) Bony callus formation 4) Bone remodeling

Question 53

Hematoma formation

Answer 53

1) Blood vessels swell to create a hematoma between the broken bones, forming a clot. Injured cells die.

Question 54

Fibrocartilage callus formation

Answer 54

2) New capillaries form between broken bones; connective tissue (with cartilage, bone, and collagen) replaces the clot.

Question 55

Bony callus formation

Answer 55

3) Fibrocartilage callus is eventually replaced by spongy bone (called the bony callus). Osteoclasts & blasts migrate to the area and multiply.

Question 56

IM nailing

Answer 56

Metal rod inserted into the medullary cavity of a bone and secured by nails at the ends (preferred with long bone fractures)

Question 57

Fracture plating

Answer 57

Metal plate placed along bone and fixed using horizontal screws (very versatile and can fix comminuted breaks)

Question 58

Bone marrow

Answer 58

Contains red and yellow bone marrow (makes blood and stores fat)