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biomed HBS > 1.1: beginning w/ bones > Flashcards

1.1: beginning w/ bones Flashcards

1
Q

Ventral

A

Anterior (stomach)

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2
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior (back)

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3
Q

Axial

A

Main axis (head, neck, chest, ribs, spine)

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4
Q

Appendicular

A

Limbs (shoulders, pelvis, and all appendages)

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5
Q

Antecubital

A

Inside crook of elbow

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6
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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7
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

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8
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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9
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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10
Q

Digital

A

Toes

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11
Q

Occipital

A

Back of the head (occipital lobe)

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12
Q

Olecranal

A

Back of elbow (olecranon)

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13
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

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14
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

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15
Q

Coronal / frontal plane

A

Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

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16
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body vertically into unequal right and left parts

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17
Q

Transverse / axial plane

A

Divides body horizontally into superior & inferior

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18
Q

Median/l plane

A

Divides body vertically into equal left & right sides

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19
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Dorsal meaning posterior - cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

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20
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Two parts - thoracic cavity and abdomino-pelvic cavity (separated by diaphragm)

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21
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Encloses heart and lungs (surrounded by ribs)

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22
Q

Abdomino-pelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity (contains stomach, liver, kidneys) and pelvic cavity (contains bladder & reproductive organs)

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23
Q

Types of tissue

A

Nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective

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24
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Lines outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels; absorb and secrete substances

25
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports and connects other tissue types (include adipose [fat], cartilage, bone, and blood)

26
Q

Orbicularis oculi origin

A

Between mandible and maxilla

27
Q

Orbicularis oculi insertion

A

Eyelids (tarsal plates)

28
Q

Orbicularis oculi action

A

Closes eyes

29
Q

Orbicularis oris origin

A

Maxilla

30
Q

Orbicularis oris insertion

A

Upper and lower lip tissue

31
Q

Orbicularis oris action

A

Closes lips

32
Q

Temporalis origin

A

Temporal fossa

33
Q

Temporalis insertion

A

Mandible

34
Q

Temporalis action

A

Closes mouth (mandible elevation)

35
Q

Flat bones

A

Layers:
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Compact bone

Marrow but no marrow cavity

36
Q

Long bones

A

Shaft & longer than it is wide; thick outside with marrow-filled cavity and spongy bone at ends

37
Q

Irregular bones

A

Thin layers of spongy bone surrounded by compact & don’t fit other classifications

38
Q

Short bones

A

Cube shape (equal length / width); mostly spongy bone surrounded by thin compact bone

39
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of long bones that contain spongy (trabecular) bone & red bone marrow

40
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft - contains medullary cavity & yellow bone marrow

41
Q

Compact bone

A

Surrounds medullary cavity (AKA cortical bone)

42
Q

Metaphysis

A

Area where long bone flares

43
Q

Number of each vertebrae

A

7 cervical (neck)
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacrum (fused)
4 coccyx (fused)
33 total

44
Q

Number of bones in hand

A

27

45
Q

Types and number of ribs

A

True rubs: 1-7
False ribs: 8-10
Floating ribs: 11-12

46
Q

Transverse fracture (desc. + cause)

A

Perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and don’t pierce skin
Occurs when bone bends before breaking

47
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone is broken in more than 1 place (may or may not pierce skin) - typically caused by high-velocity collisions

48
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Bone is broken with an angled pattern

49
Q

Compound fracture

A

Skin is pierced by the bone

50
Q

Osteoblast (def. + how they work)

A

Form bone cells by releasing bone matrix , which turns proteins into new tissues & fills in gaps

51
Q

Osteoclast (def. + how they work)

A

Destroy old/damaged bone cells by secreting acids

52
Q

Fracture healing stages

A

1) Hematoma formation
2) Fibrocartilage callus formation
3) Bony callus formation
4) Bone remodeling

53
Q

Hematoma formation

A

1) Blood vessels swell to create a hematoma between the broken bones, forming a clot. Injured cells die.

54
Q

Fibrocartilage callus formation

A

2) New capillaries form between broken bones; connective tissue (with cartilage, bone, and collagen) replaces the clot.

55
Q

Bony callus formation

A

3) Fibrocartilage callus is eventually replaced by spongy bone (called the bony callus). Osteoclasts & blasts migrate to the area and multiply.

56
Q

IM nailing

A

Metal rod inserted into the medullary cavity of a bone and secured by nails at the ends (preferred with long bone fractures)

57
Q

Fracture plating

A

Metal plate placed along bone and fixed using horizontal screws (very versatile and can fix comminuted breaks)

58
Q

Bone marrow

A

Contains red and yellow bone marrow (makes blood and stores fat)

biomed HBS (4 decks)

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