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A4 - Hematology/Hemostasis&Thrombosis/Urinalysis&BFs - Harr > 1.1 Basic Hematology Concepts and Laboratory Procedures > Flashcards

1.1 Basic Hematology Concepts and Laboratory Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Insufficient centrifugation will result in:
A. A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value
B. A false decrease in Hct value
C. No effect on Hct value
D. All of these options, depends on the patient

A

A. A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value

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2
Q

Variation in red blood cell (RBC) size observed on the peripheral blood smear is described as:
A. Anisocytosis
B. Hypochromia
C. Poikilocytosis
D. Pleocytosis

A

A. Anisocytosis

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3
Q

Which of the following is the preferred site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in an adult?
A. Iliac crest
B. Sternum
C. Tibia
D. Spinous processes of a vertebra

A

A. Iliac crest

The iliac crest is the most frequently used site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. This site is the safest and most easily accessible, with the bone being just beneath the skin, and neither blood vessels nor nerves are in the vicinity.

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4
Q

Mean cell volume (MCV) is calculated by using the following formula:
A. (Hgb ÷ RBC) x 10 where Hgb is hemoglobin in g/dL
B. (Hct ÷ RBC) x 10
C. (Hct ÷ Hgb) x 100
D. (Hgb ÷ RBC) x 100

A

B. (Hct ÷ RBC) x 10

MCV is the average “volume” of the RBCs. This is obtained by dividing the Hct or packed cell volume (PCV) by the RBC count in millions per microliter (uL) of blood and multiplying by 10. MCV is expressed in cubic microns (um^3) or femtoliters (fL).

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5
Q

What term describes the change in shape of erythrocytes seen on a Wright-stained peripheral blood smear?
A. Poikilocytosis
B. Anisocytosis
C. Hypochromia
D. Polychromasia

A

A. Poikilocytosis

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6
Q

Calculate the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by using the following values:
———————————————————-
Hgb: 15 g/dL (150 g/L)
Hct: 47 mL/dL (0.47)
RBC: 4.50 x 10^6 uL (4.50 x 10^12/L)

A. 9.5% (0.095)
B. 10.4% (0.104)
C. 31.9% (0.319)
D. 33.3% (0.333)

A

C. 31.9% (0.319)

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7
Q

A manual white blood cell (WBC) count was performed. In total 36 cells were counted in all 9-mm^2 squares of a Neubauer-ruled hemacytometer. A 1:10 dilution was used. What is the WBC count?
A. 0.4 x 10^9/L
B. 2.5 x 10^9/L
C. 4.0 x 10^9/L
D. 8.0 x 10^9/L

A

A. 0.4 x 10^9/L

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8
Q

When an erythrocyte containing iron granules is stained with Prussian blue, the cell is called a:
A. Spherocyte
B. Leptocyte
C. Schistocyte
D. Siderocyte

A

D. Siderocyte

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9
Q

A 7.0-mL ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube is received in the laboratory containing only 2.0 mL of blood. If the laboratory is using manual techniques, which of the following tests will most likely be erroneous?
A. RBC count
B. Hgb
C. Hct
D. WBC count

A

C. Hct

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10
Q

A 1:200 dilution of a patient’s sample was made, and 336 RBCs were counted in an area of 0.2 mm^2. What is the RBC count?
A. 1.68 x 10^12/L
B. 3.36 x 10^12/L
C. 4.47 x 10^12/L
D. 6.66 x 10^12/L

A

B. 3.36 x 10^12/L

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11
Q

What phagocytic cells produce lysozymes that are bacteriocidal?
A. Eosinophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Platelets (PLTs)
D. Neutrophils

A

D. Neutrophils

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12
Q

If a patient has a reticulocyte count of 7% and Hct of 20%, what is the corrected reticulocyte count?
A. 1.4%
B. 3.1%
C. 3.5%
D. 14%

A

B. 3.1%

In anemic states, the reticulocyte percentage is not a true measure of reticulocyte production. The following formula must be applied to calculate the corrected (for anemia) reticulocyte count. Corrected reticulocyte count = reticulocytes (%) x (Hct / 45) where 45 is the average normal Hct. In this case, 7 x (20/45) =3.1

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13
Q

A decreased osmotic fragility test would be associated with which of the following conditions?
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS)
C. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
D. Acquired hemolytic anemia

A

A. Sickle cell anemia

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14
Q

What effect would using a buffer at pH 6.0 have on a Wright-stained smear?
A. RBCs would be stained too pink
B. WBC cytoplasm would be stained too blue
C. RBCs would be stained too blue
D. RBCs would lyse on the slide

A

A. RBCs would be stained too pink

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15
Q

Which of the following erythrocyte inclusions can be visualized with supravital stain but cannot be detected on a Wright-stained blood smear?
A. Basophilic stippling
B. Heinz bodies
C. Howell-Jolly bodies
D. Siderotic granules

A

B. Heinz bodies

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16
Q

A falsely elevated Hct is obtained. Which of the following calculated values will not be affected?
A. MCV
B. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
C. MCHC
D. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)

A

B. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

17
Q

A Miller disk is an ocular device used to facilitate counting of:
A. PLT
B. Reticulocytes
C. Sickle cells
D. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs)

A

B. Reticulocytes

18
Q

SITUATION: RBC indices obtained on an anemic patient are as follows: MCV 88 um^3 (fL); MCH 30 pg; MCHC 34% (0.340). The RBCs on the peripheral blood smear would appear:
A. Microcytic, hypochromic
B. Microcytic, normochromic
C. Normocytic, normochromic
D. Normocytic, hypochromic

A

C. Normocytic, normochromic

19
Q

All of the following factors may influence the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) except:
A. Blood drawn into a sodium citrate tube
B. Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis
C. Plasma proteins
D. Caliber of the tube

A

A. Blood drawn into a sodium citrate tube

20
Q

What staining method is used most frequently to stain and manually count reticulocytes?
A. Immunofluorescence
B. Supravital staining
C. Romanowsky staining
D. Cytochemical staining

A

B. Supravital staining

21
Q

The Coulter principle for counting of cells is based on the fact that:
A. Isotonic solutions conduct electricity better than cells do
B. Conductivity varies proportionally to the number of cells
C. Cells conduct electricity better than saline does
D. Isotonic solutions cannot conduct electricity

A

A. Isotonic solutions conduct electricity better than cells do

22
Q

A correction is necessary for WBC counts when NRBCs are seen on the peripheral blood smear because:
A. The WBC count would be falsely lower
B. The RBC count is too low
C. NRBCs are counted as leukocytes
D. NRBCs are confused with giant PLTs

A

C. NRBCs are counted as leukocytes

23
Q

Using an electronic cell counter analyzer, an increased RDW should correlate with:
A. Spherocytosis
B. Anisocytosis
C. Leukocytosis
D. Presence of NRBCs

A

B. Anisocytosis

24
Q

Given the following values, which set of RBC indices suggests spherocytosis?
A. MCV 76 um^3 MCH 19.9 pg MCHC 28.5%
B. MCV 90 um^3 MCH 30.5 pg MCHC 32.5%
C. MCV 80 um^3 MCH 36.5 pg MCHC 39.0%
D. MCV 81 um^3 MCH 29.0 pg MCHC 34.8%

A

C. MCV 80 um^3 MCH 36.5 pg MCHC 39.0%

25
Q

Which of the following statistical terms reflects the best index of precision when comparing two complete blood count (CBC) parameters?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Coefficient of variation
D. Standard deviation

A

C. Coefficient of variation

Standard deviation(s) describes the distribution of a sample of observations. It depends on the dispersion of results and is most influenced by reproducibility or precision. Because s is influenced by the mean, the coefficient of variation ([s / mean] x 100) can be used to compare precision of tests with different means (e.g., WBC and RBC counts or low vs. high controls).

26
Q

Which of the following is considered a normal Hgb?
A. Carboxyhemoglobin
B. Methemoglobin
C. Sulfhemoglobin
D. Deoxyhemoglobin

A

D. Deoxyhemoglobin

27
Q

Which condition will shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
A. Acidosis
B. Alkalosis
C. Multiple blood transfusions
D. Increased quantities of Hgb S or C

A

A. Acidosis

28
Q

What is the major type of leukocyte seen in the peripheral blood smear from a patient with aplastic anemia?
A. Segmented neutrophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Monocyte
D. Eosinophil

A

B. Lymphocyte

29
Q

What is the normal WBC differential lymphocyte percentage (range) in the adult population?
A. 5% - 10%
B. 10% - 20%
C. 20% - 44%
D. 50% - 70%

A

C. 20% - 44%

30
Q

In which age group would 60% lymphocytes be a normal findings?
A. 6 months - 2 years
B. 4-6 years
C. 11-15 years
D. 40-60 years

A

A. 6 months - 2 years

31
Q

Which of the following results on an automated differential suggests that a peripheral blood smear should be reviewed manually?
A. Segs = 70%
B. Band = 6%
C. Mono = 15%
D. Eos = 2%

A

C. Mono = 15%

32
Q

** Which is the first stage of erythrocytic maturation in which the cytoplasm is pink because of the formation of Hgb?**
A. Reticulocyte
B. Pronormoblast
C. Basophilic normoblast
D. Polychromatic normoblast

A

D. Polychromatic normoblast

33
Q

Which of the following can shift the Hgb oxygen (O2) dissociation curve to the right?
A. Increases in 2, 3 DPG
B. Acidosis
C. Hypoxia
D. All of these options

A

D. All of these options

34
Q

** Which of the following Hgb configurations is characteristic of Hgb H?**
A. Y4
B. alpha2-Y2
C. Beta4
D. alpha2 - Beta2

A

C. Beta4

35
Q

Autoagglutination of RBCs at room temperature can cause which of the following abnormal test results?
A. Low RBC count
B. High MCV
C. Low Hct
D. All of these options

A

D. All of these options

A4 - Hematology/Hemostasis&Thrombosis/Urinalysis&BFs - Harr (7 decks)

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