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Anatomy - Head and Neck > 11 - Autonomics of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

11 - Autonomics of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the autonomic nerves of the head and neck, the nucleus they originate from, and the ganglion they synapse at?

A

3977
EISS
COPS

3: oculomotor, edinger-wesphal nucleus in the midbrain, ciliary ganglion
9: glossopharyngeal, inferior salivatory nucleus, otic ganglion
7: facial, superior salivatory nucleus, pterygopalatine ganglion
7: facial, superior salivatory nucleus, submendibular ganglion

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2
Q

The tympanic nerve forms the _____ _____ on promontory of the middle ear, and the _____ _____ nerve arises as a branch of this.

A

Tympanic plexus

Lesser petrosal nerve

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3
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve penetrates the roof of the tympanic cavity via the ________ to enter the _______?

A

Hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve

middle cranial fossa

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4
Q

Where does the facial nerve emerge from the brainstem? What are the two distinct branches?

A

The pontomedullary junction:

  1. Large motor root comes from the facial nucleus
  2. Smaller nervous intermedius that projects from the superior salivatory nucleus to the nucleus solitary tract.
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5
Q

What does the special visceral effect (SVE) fibers of CN VII (facial) nerve innervate? What it is derived from?

A

Derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch and innervates the muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of the digastric.

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the special visceral afferent (SA) fibers of CN VII (facial)?

A

Taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and soft palate.

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers of CN VII (facial)? What about the general visceral afferent fibers?

A

Parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, the lacrimal gland, palatal and nasal glands, and the pharyngeal glands.

GVA fibers retrace GVE and assist in controlling secretions.

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8
Q

The facial nerve travels through the facial canal laterally, and presents as a swelling called the ______ ______. At this point, it gives off which nerve?

A

The geniculate ganglion.

Gives off the greater petrosal nerve.

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9
Q

After it gives off the greater petrosal nerve, the facial nerve turns abruptly posteriorly and in the medial wall of the middle ear slopes downward to give off which nerve?

A

The nerve to stapedius.

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10
Q

What are the four branches of the facial nerve as it traverses the facial canal?

A
  1. Greater petrosal n.
  2. N. to stapedius
  3. Chorda tympani n.
  4. Sensory fibers from auricular branch of CN X.
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11
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve after exiting the stylomastoid foramen?

A
  1. Posterior auricular n.
  2. Stylohyoid branch
  3. Posterior digastric branch
  4. Temporal branch
  5. Zygomatic branch
  6. Buccal branch
  7. Marginal mandibular branch
  8. Cervical branch
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12
Q

What muscles are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve?

A

Frontalis
Corrugator supercilii
Orbicularis oculi

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13
Q

What muscles are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?

A

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major
Nasalis

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14
Q

What muscles are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve?

A

Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
Depresser anguli oris

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15
Q

What muscles are innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve?

A

Mentalis
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris

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16
Q

What muscle is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve?

A

The platysma

17
Q

What muscle is innervated by the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve?

A

The occipitalis.

18
Q

What symptoms would someone experience if they have a facial nerve lesion proximal to the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  1. Motor paralysis
  2. Lack of salivation and taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue
  3. Hearing loss
  4. Lack of lacrimation
  5. Dizziness (vestibular disfunction)
19
Q

What symptoms would someone experience if they have a facial nerve lesion proximal to the greater petrosal nerve?

A
  1. Motor paralysis
  2. Lack of salivation and taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue
  3. Hearing loss
  4. Lack of lacrimation
20
Q

What symptoms would someone experience if they have a facial nerve lesion proximal to the stapedial nerve?

A
  1. Motor paralysis
  2. Lack of salivation and taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue
  3. Hearing loss
21
Q

What symptoms would someone experience if they have a facial nerve lesion proximal to the chorda tympani?

A
  1. Motor paralysis

2. Lack of salivation and taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue

22
Q

What symptoms would someone experience if they have a facial nerve lesion distal to the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Peripheral motor facial paralysis.

23
Q

What cranial nerves have autonomic function? What is that weird tricky nerve that doesn’t but seems like it does?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

5 has parasympathetic nerves that hitchhike on it but parasympathetics fibers do NOT originate from 5/

24
Q

Where does CN V originate from in the brainstem?

A

Pons.

25
Q

What are the main branches of CN V1?

A
  1. Lacrimal nerve
  2. Frontal nerve
    - supratrochlear n.
    - supraorbital n.
  3. Nasociliary
    - posterior ethmoidal n.
    - long ciliary n.
    - infratrochlear n.
    - anterior ethmoidal n.
26
Q

What are the branches of CN V2?

A
  1. Middle meningeal n.
  2. Zygomatic n.
  3. Nasopalatine n.
  4. Posterior superior alveolar n.
  5. Infraorbital n. -> MSA and ASA
  6. Superior labial n.
  7. Greater and lesser palatine n.
27
Q

What are the muscular branches of CN V3?

A
  1. N to medial pterygoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
  2. Masseteric n.
  3. Deep temporal n.
  4. Lateral pterygoid n.
28
Q

What are the sensory branches of V3?

A
  1. Meningeal branch
  2. Buccal nerve
  3. Auriculotemporal
  4. Lingual n.
29
Q

What are the mixed branches of CN V3?

A

Inferior alveolar that gives off the nerve to the myolohyoid and the mental nerve.

30
Q

What makes up the basal ganglia?

A

The caudate nucleus and the lenticulate nucleus.

31
Q

What makes up the lenticulate nucleus?

A

Putamen and the globus pallidus

32
Q

Where is the red nucleus located in relation to the thalamus and the substantia nigra?

A

The red nucleus is above the substantia nigra and below the thalamus.

Anatomy - Head and Neck (13 decks)

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