(11-31) HIV & Immunodeficiency Flashcards
1. Describe the global scope of HIV disease in terms of incidence and prevalence. 2. Identify the causative agent of HIV disease. 3. Differentiate between HIV disease and the end stage immunodeficiency known as AIDS. 4. Describe the HIV genome and its gene products. 5. Describe the major symptoms of HIV disease. 6. Explain how HIV infects certain types of cells and specifically destroys the immune system, causing disease in humans. 7. Explain how HIV is transmitted. 8. Describe how HIV di
How many people were living with HIV/AIDS as of 2005?
40 M
Which region of the world has the most people living with HIV/ AIDS? How many people are affected?
22.5 people in Sub-Saharan Africa have HIV/ AIDS.
Most AIDS cases are caused by which virus?
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
How does HIV-2 compare to HIV-1?
- HIV-2 is similar in structure to HIV-1 but is antigenically distinct
- Transmission of less efficient than HIV-1, disease progresses slower
Which strain of HIV is the prominent cause of AIDS in parts of West Africa and India?
HIV-2
Describe the viral attributes of HIV.
- enveloped
- single-stranded RNA
- retrovirus family
What is glycoprotein 120’s role in HIV infection?
[gp120]
attachment to host cells
What is glycoprotein 41’s role in HIV infection?
[gp41]
fusion with host cell membrane
Where does HIV get its envelope?
It takes the envelope as it is budding from its host cell.
What is the purpose of HIV’s protein 24?
[p24]
It is the capsid protein.
How does HIV make DNA from RNA?
Reverse Transcriptase
Which 4 cell types does HIV infect?
- Intestinal epithelium
- Several types of brain cells
- Macrophages
- Helper T-cells (CD4+)
Which type of cell infection contributes to diarrhea and weight loss in HIV?
Intestinal epithelium
Which type of cell infection contributes to lethargy and dementia in HIV?
Several types of brain cells
Which type of cell infection provides a continuous source of infectious virus in HIV?
Macrophages
