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M11 - Systems Richard New > 11:3 AIRFRAME STRUCTURES > Flashcards

11:3 AIRFRAME STRUCTURES Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of fuselage constructions

A

Monocoque or semi monocoque

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2
Q

What is the biggest problem with monocoque construction

A

Trying to maintain enough strength in the skin whilst keeping the overall weight within limits

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3
Q

How is the semi monocoque structure assembled

A

The skin shares the load with the stringers, the frames and with an additional clip

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4
Q

How is the monocoque structure assembled

A

Uses frame assemblies and bulkheads to give shape to the fuselage and the aircraft skin is riveted directly on to the frame

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5
Q

What components does the fuselage mainframe construction consist of

A
  • Frames
  • Bulkheads
  • Stringers
  • Floor beams
  • Floor to skin shear ties
  • Keel beam
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6
Q

What is the purpose of the aircraft stringers

A

They give shape to the fuselage shell, they are located on the inner side of the aircraft skin panel

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7
Q

What is a fillet seal

A

The application of a bead of sealant. The fillet should overlap the seam and be with out any bubbles and look even

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8
Q

What is the injection sealing process

A

The process where sealant is injected into (joggles or seams) which forces the air out and then is left with only the sealant in its place

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9
Q

When would pressure seals be used

A

When rods or cables move through pressure bulkheads

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10
Q

What type of seals are fitted to the main entry doors

A
  • Flap type mechanical seals

- Diaphragm seals

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11
Q

What type of seal do most cargo doors use

A

The same as most of the main entry doors, a rubber tube spaced with pressurisation holes

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12
Q

What are the aircraft seat tracks known as

A

L-track or I-track

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13
Q

What is a ULD

A

A Unit Load Device

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14
Q

What is the purpose of a ULD

A

It is a container or pallet/bin which is designed to fit in a specific type of aircraft. It means that several items can be put into it and saves room. Each ULD requires its own manifest

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15
Q

Which regard to cargo loading, the conveyance components installed in the ball mat area are capable of moving ULDs in which directions

A

In nearly all directions

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16
Q

With regards to cargo loading the conveyance components installed beyond the ball mat area can move ULDs in which directions

A

Longitudinally only

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17
Q

What are main doors on the left hand side of the aircraft primarily used for

A

The loading of passengers quickly and efficiently

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18
Q

What are the main doors used for on the right hand side of the aircraft primarily used for

A

Used for service doors for galley servicing

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the service doors

A

To give access to the stabiliser, hydraulics or electronics compartments

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20
Q

What does the main door structure consist of

A

Frame, beams, formers and intercostals

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21
Q

What happens when the door mode selector is in the automatic position

A

It is in the armed and flight position and the emergency system is ready

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22
Q

At what angle does the door need to be open for the slide to deploy

A

60°

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23
Q

What are the overwing emergency exits called on smaller aircraft (example A320)

A

Plug doors

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24
Q

What are the requirements for an aircraft to have an approved secure cockpit

A

Aircraft in excess of 45500kg with a passenger seating capacity greater than 60

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25
Q

What is used in the fwd and aft cargo bays to ensure alignment of the latches

A

A centring roller

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26
Q

What connects the top of the cargo door to the fuselage on an Airbus

A

A piano hinge

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27
Q

How can you tell if an Airbus cargo door is fully open

A

A green door open light illuminates

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28
Q

The locking handle unlocks a safety mechanism on an Airbus. How many safety cams does it have

A

6

29
Q

When does the pressure relief vent door open on a cargo door

A

When the differential pressure between outside and inside is greater than 1 pound per square inch

30
Q

What is the purpose of the hook mechanism on a Boeing aircraft

A

The hook mechanism moves the door from the fully closed position to open to then allow the actuators to open the door

31
Q

By what mechanical means are cargo doors operated

A

Hydraulically

32
Q

What additional features do flight deck windows provide over observer/passenger windows

A

Protection against bird strike and ice build up

33
Q

What type of glass is found on the outside of the flight deck windscreen

A

Thermally strengthened glass

34
Q

What are the inner layers of the flight deck windscreen made from

A

Chemically strengthened glass

35
Q

What are the layers of glass on the flight deck windscreen bonded together with

A

A specialised plastic called polyurethane

36
Q

Where is the heating film on all flight deck windows located

A

The inner surface of the outer glass. It provides an anti ice and de fogging system

37
Q

What is placed between the flight deck windscreen and the frame to seal it

A

A silicon seal

38
Q

How are windscreens attached to the aircraft

A

They are attached to the frame of the fuselage structure, a second frame called a retainer is bolted on top

39
Q

How many panes of glass to passenger windows consist of

A

An inner and an outer

40
Q

What are 2 special features of the inner pane of glass on passenger windows

A

1 - there is a small vent hole which ensures the pressure between the 2 panes are the same

2 - the inner pane can carry the stress of both panes if the outer breaks

41
Q

What is the main function of the wings

A

To produce lift

42
Q

What 3 main areas are the wings made up from

A
  • Left wing box
  • Centre wing box
  • Right wing box
43
Q

Which part of the wing is used as the fuel tank walls

A

The front and rear spar

44
Q

What type of load does the upper surface of the wing carry

A

Mainly compression loads

45
Q

What type of load does the lower surface of the wing carry

A

Mainly tension loads

46
Q

What would you find on the rear spar of a wing that you wouldn’t find on the front

A

The landing gear support arm which is sometimes referred to as the fake rear spar

47
Q

What is the purpose of ribs in the wing

A

They are able to carry torsion, compression and shear loads and also give shape to the wing and provide walls for the fuel tank

48
Q

What is the nose cap of the leading edge of the wing made from

A

Aluminium alloy

49
Q

What is the purpose of the trailing edge of the wing

A

It supports the flight controls

50
Q

What are the purpose of wing fences and winglets

A

They are both aerodynamic devices to improve the performance of the wing in terms of increasing the lift and reducing the drag

51
Q

What does the emponage consist of

A

Unpressurised area consisting of vertical stab, dorsal fin and rudders, horizontal stab and tail section with tail cone

52
Q

What does the tail cone consist of

A

A removable single unit which houses the APU compartment

53
Q

How are the horizontal stabilisers normally constructed

A

Either 1 piece or 3 piece construction

54
Q

What is the vertical stabiliser also known as

A

The fin

55
Q

What joins the stabiliser smoothly to the ridge of the fuselage

A

The dorsal fin

56
Q

What type of flight of hinges connect flight controls to the adjacent structures

A

A primary or master hinge and then normal hinges

57
Q

What are the 3 main components of all surface hinges

A
  • The ballbarings
  • A fail safe bolt consisting of an inner and outer bolt
  • sleeves
58
Q

What is the purpose of ballbarings in flight control hinges

A

They compensate for misalignment

59
Q

What is the purpose of the failsafe bolt in flight control hinges

A

Failsafe bolt consists of an outer and inner bolt. If the outer fails the inner can take the load

60
Q

What is the purpose of the sleeves in the flight controls hinges

A

To prevent overstress of the fail safe bolt when tightened

61
Q

What is different with the hinge sleeves on the primary/master hinge compared to the normal

A

Master has 1 sleeve, normal has 2. Master has a spacer instead

62
Q

How is surface flutter prevented

A

If the surface is hydraulically powered or by static balancing if the control surface is mechanically operated

63
Q

What is static balancing

A

Weights are placed on the flight control to balance out the potential flutter

64
Q

When would static balancing need to be re done

A

If a repair to the flight control is required

65
Q

What is the deflection angle

A

The angle of deflection compared to the 0 position

66
Q

What are engine pylons also known as

A

Struts

67
Q

What types of loads do the forward engine mount bolts take

A

Vertical loads. Thrust and side loads are transferred by shear pins

68
Q

What loads does the support beam which is a part of the engine attachment system take

A

Axial loads from engine thrust

M11 - Systems Richard New (7 decks)

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