11/15 Cardiovascular Competency Flashcards
What are the four steps of a cardiovascular exam?
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
What are the three abnormal chest findings that may arise during the Inspection portion of the cardiovascular exam?
Barrel Chested (COPD)
Pectus Carinatum (Pigeon Chest)
Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest)
What does the Palpation portion of the cardiovascular exam refer to?
PMI - Point of Maximal Impulse
marks the apex (left ventricle)
may not be felt in healthy adults
What occurs during the Percussion portion of the cardiovascular exam?
move from pt’s left mid axillary line to the right while listening for the normal resonance sound to change to a cardiac dullness
Where would you ausculate the aortic valve?
Right 2nd Intercostal Space @ the sternal border
Where would you auscultate the pulmonic valve?
Left 2nd intercostal space @ the sternal border
Where would you auscultate the tricuspid valve?
Left 4th intercostal space @ the sternal border
Where would you auscultate the Mitral Valve?
Left 5th intercostal space @ the mid-clavicular line
What occurs during S1?
Tricuspid valve closes
Mitral valve closes
What occurs during S2?
Aortic valve closes
Pulmonic valve closes
What describes a S3 sound?
high pressure, deceleration of inflow across the mitral valve
What describes a S4 sound?
atrial gallop
a forceful atrial contraction against a stiffened (low compliance) ventricle
What murmur type falls under S1 & S2?
systolic murmurs
What could cause a systolic murmur?
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic regurgitation
What murmur type falls under S2 & S1?
Diastolic murmurs
