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1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

XML stands for

A

eXtensible Markup Language

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2
Q

XML was designed to

A

1/ store and transport data.
2/ be both human- and machine-readable.

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3
Q

Qu’est ce que Le langage HTML

A

Le langage HTML (HyperText Markup Language) est un langage informatique utilisé pour créer des pages web. Il permet de structurer le contenu d’une page en utilisant des balises, c’est-à-dire des éléments de code qui indiquent au navigateur web comment afficher le contenu d’une page.

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4
Q

What is : <

A

An Entity reference for <

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5
Q

is White-space Preserved in XML ?

A

yes, White-space is Preserved in XML

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6
Q

How XML documents that conform to the syntax rules are called ?

A

XML documents that conform to the syntax rules above are said to be “Well Formed” XML documents.

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7
Q

How is called the first element after the Prolog

A

the Root Element

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8
Q

What is a self-closing tag

A

<element></element>

and it’s the equivalent of : <element></element>
It is used for empty XML elements

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9
Q

What is an XML Element?

A

An XML element is everything from (including) the element’s start tag to (including) the element’s end tag.

<price>29.99</price>

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10
Q

An element can contain:

A

text
attributes
other elements
or a mix of the above

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11
Q

where Namespaces can be declared

A
  • The namespace can be defined by an xmlns attribute in the start tag of an element.
  • It can also be defined In the Root element
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12
Q

What’s a URI

A

A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters which identifies an Internet Resource.

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13
Q

wHAT IS THE MOST common URI

A

The most common URI is the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

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14
Q

What is an URL

A

the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) identifies an Internet domain address

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15
Q

What’s a Well formed XML doc

A

An XML document with correct syntax is called “Well Formed”.

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16
Q

When an XML doc is valid ?

A

An XML document validated against an XML Schema is both “Well Formed” and “Valid”.

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17
Q

4 features of XML Schema

A

XML Schemas are written in XML
XML Schemas are extensible to additions
XML Schemas support data types
XML Schemas support namespaces

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18
Q

Why use a XML schema

A

With XML Schema, independent groups of people can agree on a standard for interchanging data.
+
With XML Schema, you can verify data.

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19
Q

Features of XPath

A

XPath is a syntax for defining parts of an XML document
XPath uses path expressions to navigate in XML documents
XPath contains a library of standard functions
XPath is a major element in XSLT and in XQuery
XPath is a W3C recommendation

20
Q

Why do we use XML

A

XML files are often used to store and exchange data between different applications, platforms or programming languages.

21
Q

What is an XML Parser

A

An XML parser is a computer program designed to read and parse XML (eXtensible Markup Language) files.

22
Q

What does an XML Parser

A

When a program needs to read an XML file, it uses an XML parser to parse the contents of the file and extract the necessary data. Parsing includes:
- Checking the structure and syntax of the XML file,
- Creating an internal representation of the XML tree,
- Validating the data against predefined rules, and
- Manipulating the data for use in the program.

23
Q

How can an an XML file be parsed

A

before an XML document can be accessed, it must be loaded into an XML DOM object
All modern browsers have a built-in XML parser that can convert text into an XML DOM object

24
Q

translation of “node” ?

A

Noeud

25
Q

According to the XML DOM, what are the XML nodes

A

According to the XML DOM, everything in an XML document is a node:

The entire document is a document node
Every XML element is an element node
The text in the XML elements are text nodes
Every attribute is an attribute node
Comments are comment nodes

26
Q

What does CSS

A

CSS essentially applies a set of styling rules to content in either HTML or XML files

27
Q

Why is XSLT useful ?

A

XSLT is pretty powerful. It can transform XML data into almost anything else, such as another form of XML or PDF or Word files or HTML

28
Q

Différence d’utilisation entre CSS et XSLT

A

En résumé, si vous souhaitez simplement formater le style et l’apparence d’un document XML, CSS est le choix le plus approprié. Si vous avez besoin de transformer le contenu XML pour produire un nouveau document de sortie, ou pour effectuer des manipulations plus avancées sur les données XML, XSLT est la solution la plus appropriée.

29
Q

What is an XSLT Style sheet

A

Une feuille de style XSLT est un document séparé qui contient des règles de transformation XSLT

30
Q

XSLT repose sur un autre langage:

A

XPath (langage pour indiquer un chemin dans un arbre)

31
Q

what is XSLT

A

XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) is a styling language for transforming XML documents

32
Q

CSS = Style Sheets for HTML

A

HTML uses predefined tags. The meaning of, and how to display each tag is well understood.

CSS is used to add styles to HTML elements.

33
Q

XSL = Style Sheets for XML

A

XML does not use predefined tags, and therefore the meaning of each tag is not well understood.

A <table> element could indicate an HTML table, a piece of furniture, or something else - and browsers do not know how to display it!

So, XSL describes how the XML elements should be displayed.

34
Q

Does XSLT uses XPath ?

A

Yes, XSLT uses XPath to navigate in XML documents

35
Q

How to describe the transformation process made by XSLT

A

XSLT transforms an XML source-tree into an XML result-tree

36
Q

How XSLT does transform an XML document

A

Normally XSLT does this by transforming each XML element into an (X)HTML element.

37
Q

What kind of transformations we can do with XSLT

A

With XSLT you can
- add/remove elements and attributes to or from the output file.
- rearrange and sort elements,
- perform tests
- make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more.

38
Q

Concrètement, que doit-on ajouter au XML document pour déclarer qu’il doit tenir compte du XSLT style sheet ?

A

The root element that declares the document to be an XSL style sheet is <xsl:stylesheet> or <xsl:transform>.</xsl:transform></xsl:stylesheet>

39
Q

CSS is a stylish language for HTML like

A

XSL IS A STYLISH LANGUAGE FOR XML

40
Q

Why may we need to use XML and XSLT in OVO energy

A

In the context of implementing new features in Workday ERP, you may need to use XML files and transform them using XSLT for several reasons:

-Data exchange:
Workday often uses XML files to exchange data with other systems. If you need to integrate Workday with other systems, you will likely need to use XML files to pass data.
- Report customization:
Workday offers standard reports, but it is often necessary to customize these reports to meet specific business needs. Custom reports can be created using XML and XSLT files to transform the data into the desired format.
-Process Automation:
Workday offers process automation capabilities that automate manual tasks. The use of XML and XSLT files can facilitate the creation of automated workflows by transforming data into the format required by the automated processes.
-Data Conversion:
If you are moving from another system to Workday, you may need to convert data from your old system to Workday format. Using XML and XSLT files can facilitate this conversion by transforming the data from the legacy system into the Workday format.
By using XML and XSLT files, you can transform data into the format required by Workday and facilitate integration, report customization, process automation and data conversion.

41
Q

What is the advantages of using a schema

A

One of the advantages of using schemas is that they help to avoid damaged data. It also makes it easy to find damaged data, as XML stops when it encounters a problem.

42
Q

Purpose of XML

A

XML was designed to carry and store data.
HTML was designed to display data.

43
Q

Quel est le rôle de “href” dans les déclarations ?

A

href est un attribut utilisé pour spécifier l’emplacement d’un fichier externe à appliquer au document XML.

Le rôle de href est de spécifier l’URL ou le chemin d’accès relatif au document à linker

44
Q

What does XSL

A

it describes how the XML document should be displayed

45
Q

Comment XSLT utilise XPath ?

A

The XSLT transformation process uses XPath to define the parts of the source document that must match one or more predefined templates. When a match is found, XSLT will transform the corresponding part of the source document into the result document.

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