1.1 Flashcards
hazard
a factor or object that can cause harm upon exposure.
E.g. Pathogenic organisms, toxic and corrosive chemicals, heat and flammable substances, equipment.
risk
the likelihood of harm arising from exposure to a hazard
risk assessment
Involves identifying control measures to minimise risk
control measures
include using appropriate handling techniques, PPE and aseptic technique
pathogenic organism
an organism that can cause disease
aseptic technique
technique used to reduce contamination
autopipette
used to measure very small volumes of liquid accurately
burette
used to dispense precise volumes of liquid reagents
linar dilution
dilutions of a solution which differ by a constant proportion
standard curve
to determine the concentration of an unknown solution
buffer
used to control pH, allows pH of a solution to be kept constant
colorimeter
used to quantify the concentration (absorbance) or turbidity (uses transmission) of a solution, use blank to calibrate
spectrophotometer
used to determine the spectra reflectance at each wavelength, more complex analysis than colorimeter
centrifugation
used to separate substances of differing density
supernatant
a solution of lower density materials that is formed at the top of an Eppendorf tube after centrifugation
pellet
higher density materials that form at the bottom of an Eppendorf tube after centrifugation
chromatography
a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture (amino acids, sugars, proteins).
paper chromatography
to separate pigments in a leaf, uses polar cellulose fibres, polar components bind, non-polar don’t bind as readily and travel further.
thin layer chromatography
to separate different substance such as amino acids and sugars but stationary phase is a strip of absorbent material (e.g. silica gel)
mobile phase
the mixture to be separated during chromatography is dissolved into this fluid.
stationary phase
components of mixture are separated as they move through this, changes depending on chromatography type.
affinity chromatography
used to separate proteins
affinity
the degree to which a substance is attracted and tends to bind to another
What are the basics of gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
charged macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids move through an electric field applied to a buffered gel matrix