1.0C - Coastal Landforms.

Question 1

(1)

These waves have a high frequency and are tall. What waves are they?

Answer 1

Destructive.

Question 2

(2)

Constructive waves have a weak ____________ but a strong ______

Answer 2

Constructive waves have a weak backwash but a strong swash.

Question 3

(5)

Attrition is when smaller rocks collide into each other and are more rounded.

Describe the other three erosional processes.

Answer 3

• Hydraulic action: Waves at HIGH PRESSURE collide at cliffs, forming CRACKS.
• Abrasion: Rocks are BASHED against cliff
• Solution: DISSOLVED ROCK.

Question 4

(4)

Explain the process of LONGSHORE DRIFT.

Answer 4

• PREVAILING WIND
• CAUSES WAVES TO DEPOSIT SEDIMENT
• SWASH CARRIES ONTO COAST
• BACKWASH CARRIES TO SEA
• ZIG ZAG MOTION

Question 5

(4)

Solution is also a type of process of transportation/deposition.

What are the other three?

Answer 5

• Traction: BIG BOULDERS down
• Saltation: Smaller rocks bounce on seabed
• Suspension: EVEN SMALLER rocks carried along in water.

Question 6

(4)

How does a spit form?

Answer 6

• CONTINUOUS LSD
• when sediment reaches coast BENDS
• It gets deposited on other side as ENERGY IS LOST.
• Forming a spit.

Question 7

(4)

How does a lagoon form?

Answer 7

• Spit RECURVES
• Joining two headlands
• FORMS A BAR
• Lagoon formed where previous salt marsh was.

Question 8

(3)

How does a stack form?

Answer 8

Cave –> arch –> stack

Question 9

(2)

How are beaches formed?

Answer 9

• DEPOSITION OF sand and shingle
• by CONSTRUCTIVE WAVES.

Question 10

(3)

What are some benefits and drawbacks of groynes?

Answer 10

Benefits:
- Create wider beaches –> slows waves
- fairly cheap.

Drawbacks:
- TERMINAL GROYNE SYNDROME. (lack of sediment on a side of a beach.

Question 11

(2)

What do gabions do?

Answer 11

• ABSORB WAVE ENERGY
• to prevent EROSION of coast.

Question 12

(2)

What is beach nourishment?

Answer 12

• Sand from lower down of beach.
• Added to upper parts of beach.

Question 13

(4)

What are some benefits and drawbacks of beach nourishment?

Answer 13

BENEFITS:
- WIDER BEACHES, slowing waves
- Provides more space for habitats.

DRAWBACKS:
- May kill organisms when taking material from seabed.
- EXPENSIVE –> repeated.

Question 14

(4)

What are some benefits and drawbacks of dune regeneration?

Answer 14

BENEFITS:
- BARRIER created between land and sea.
- PROVIDES HABITATS.

DRAWBACKS:
- LIMITED PROTECTION
- EXPENSIVE.

Question 15

(3)

Give a disadvantage and an advantage of managed retreat.

Answer 15

ADV:
- Produces saltmarshes
- provides habitats.

DIS:
- Unsuitable in areas like towns.