109 Learning and memory 2

Question 1

The _________ lobe is for the formation of long-term memory (declarative memory formation).

Answer 1

medial temporal lobe (with hippocampus)

Question 2

Location and the function of the place cells?

Answer 2

Hippocampus; fires only when subject approaches a specific location

Question 3

Location and function of grid cells?

Answer 3

Entorhinal cortex; fires when subject is located in defined positions that form a hexagonal grid

Question 4

The place cells and grid cells form a _____________.

Answer 4

spatial map

Question 5

Unimodal and polymodal association areas (frontal, temporal, parietal lobes) ? / ? entohinal cortex&raquo_space;(perforant pathway)> dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, subiculum > sent back to the entorhinal cortex for long term memory

Answer 5

Parahippocampal cortex/

perirhinal cortex

Question 6

Pathology in Alzheimer’s disease indicates deposits of __________________ and ____________, starting in the hippocampus and spread to cortex.

Answer 6

Neurotoxic amyloid protein deposits (plaques);

Neurofibrillary tangles

Question 7

____________ is the initial site of condosilating long-term memory from short-term memory.

Answer 7

Hippocampus

*Interactions between the hippocampus and the cortex result in the transfer of memory trace to different parts of the cortex, for long term storage. Thus, memory becomes less and less dependent on the hippocampus with time

Question 8

LTP occurs most easily when?

Answer 8

Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are firing at the same time. Postsynaptic neuron depolarises greatly, facilitating blocking of NMDA receptors, generating LTP.

Question 9

Engram formation involves ________ when specific neurons activated causes neuronal assembly consolidated.

Answer 9

LTP

neurons wire together fire together

Question 10

After formation of engram, when not recalled, the neuronal ensemble will?

Answer 10

Enter a consolidated but dormant state;

update of the engram can take place (thus memory is sometimes not reliable)

Question 11

Storage of procedural memories?

Answer 11

Motor cortex and cerebellum

Question 12

Storage of semantic and episodic memories?

Answer 12

Frontal lobe

Question 13

Formation of new emotional memories by?

Answer 13

amygdala

Question 14

Storage of short-term memories?

Answer 14

Prefrontal cortex

Question 15

Formation of procedural memory (non-declarative)?

Answer 15

Striatum

Question 16

In Alzheimer’s, degeneration usually starts at?

Answer 16

CA1 of hippocampus

Question 17

In which part of the hippocampus does neurogenesis takes place in adulthood?

Answer 17

Dentate gyrus

Question 18

Neurogenesis is the formation of new neurons from neural stem cells, and it plays a role in ___________.

Answer 18

memory formation