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LPIC-1 KeyTerms > 107 Administrative Tasks KT > Flashcards

107 Administrative Tasks KT Flashcards

1
Q

107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files

A

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/group
/etc/skel/
chage
getent
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
passwd
useradd
userdel
usermod
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2
Q

/etc/passwd

A

/etc/passwd is a text file that contains the attributes of each user or account on a computer running Linux or another Unix-like operating system.

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3
Q

/etc/shadow

A

The /etc/shadow file stores actual password in encrypted format (more like the hash of the password) for user’s account with additional properties related to user password.

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4
Q

/etc/group

A

/etc/group is a text file which defines the groups to which users belong under Linux and UNIX operating system.

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5
Q

/etc/skel/

A

The /etc/skel directory contains files and directories that are automatically copied over to a new user’s home directory when such user is created.

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6
Q

chage

A

Command: The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change.

chage [options] [LOGIN]

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7
Q

getent

A

Command: The getent command displays entries from databases supported by the Name Service Switch libraries, which are configured in /etc/nsswitch.conf.

getent [option]… database key…

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8
Q

groupadd

A

Command: The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system.

groupadd [options] group

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9
Q

groupdel

A

Command: The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to group. The named group must exist.

groupdel group

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10
Q

groupmod

A

Command: The groupmod command modifies the definition of the specified GROUP by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database.

groupmod [options] GROUP

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11
Q

passwd

A

Command: The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account.

passwd [options] [LOGIN]

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12
Q

useradd

A

Command: useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.

useradd [options] LOGIN

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13
Q

userdel

A

Command: The userdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name LOGIN. The named user must exist.

userdel [options] LOGIN

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14
Q

usermod

A

Command: The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line.

usermod [options] LOGIN

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15
Q

107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs

A

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/
/etc/at.deny
/etc/at.allow
/etc/crontab
/etc/cron.allow
/etc/cron.deny
/var/spool/cron/
crontab
at
atq
atrm
systemctl
systemd-run
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16
Q

/etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/

A

/etc/cron.d
Location for additional system crontab configurations.

/etc/cron.daily
Contains scripts that will be executed once per day.

/etc/cron.hourly
Contains scripts that will be executed once per hour.

/etc/cron.monthly
Contains scripts that will be executed once per month.

/etc/cron.weekly
Contains scripts that will be executed once per week.

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17
Q

/etc/at.deny

A

The /etc/at.deny file contains a list of users who are not allowed to user the at command.

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18
Q

/etc/at.allow

A

The /etc/at.allow file contains a list of users who are allowed to use the at command.

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19
Q

/etc/crontab

A

The /etc/crontab file acts as the system crontab. This file enables the execution of system processes at specific intervals.

20
Q

/etc/cron.allow

A

The /etc/cron.allow file contains a list of users who are allowed to use the crontab command.

21
Q

/etc/cron.deny

A

The /etc/cron.deny file contains a list of users who are not allowed to use the crontab command.

22
Q

/var/spool/cron/

A

This directory contains all users crontab entries and can only be viewed by the root user.

23
Q

crontab

A

Command: Crontab is the program used to install, remove or list the tables used to drive the cron(8) daemon.

crontab [-u user] file

24
Q

at

A

Command: Used to schedule one or more commands to be executed at one specific time in the future.

at [-V] [-q queue] [-f file] [-mldbv] TIME

25
Q

atq

A

Command: List the current users at jobs.

atq [-V] [-q queue]

26
Q

atrm

A

Command: Remove an at job before it is executed.

atrm [-V] job [job…]

27
Q

systemctl

A

Command: systemctl may be used to introspect and control the state of the “systemd” system and service manager.

systemctl [OPTIONS…] COMMAND [UNIT…]

28
Q

systemd-run

A

Command: systemd-run may be used to create and start a transient .service or .scope unit and run the specified COMMAND in it.

systemd-run [OPTIONS…] COMMAND [ARGS…]

29
Q

107.3 Localisation and internationalisation

A

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/timezone
/etc/localtime
/usr/share/zoneinfo/
LC_*
LC_ALL
LANG
TZ
/usr/bin/locale
tzselect
timedatectl
date
iconv
UTF-8
ISO-8859
ASCII
Unicode
30
Q

/etc/timezone

A

This is the location of the system timezone on Debian based systems.

31
Q

/etc/localtime

A

This is where the system timezone is set on Red Hat based distributions.

32
Q

/usr/share/zoneinfo/

A

This directory contains a list of all zone files, either directly in the directory or in sub-directories.

33
Q

LC_*

A

LC_* refers to a collection of locale settings that are used to change the way the shell and other programs handle differences based on geographic region.

34
Q

LC_ALL

A

LC_ALL will override all other locale settings.

35
Q

LANG

A

LANG will provide a default locale value when set.

36
Q

TZ

A

The TZ variable can be used to set a different timezone than the system default.

37
Q

/usr/bin/locale

A

This is the default locale archive location.

38
Q

tzselect

A

Command: The tzselect is a menu driven, CLI-based tool that allows a user to select a timezone.

tzselect

39
Q

timedatectl

A

Command: Displays the system clock, UTC, and timezone information.

40
Q

date

A

Command: Displays the system clock.

41
Q

iconv

A

Command: The iconv program reads in text in one encoding and outputs the text in another encoding.

42
Q

UTF-8

A

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable width character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units.

43
Q

ISO-8859

A

ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint ISO and IEC series of standards for 8-bit character encodings.

44
Q

ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange(ASCII) is an English-only encoding format that is limited to 128 characters. Extended ASCII can support additional, non-English characters.

45
Q

Unicode

A

Unicode is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world’s writing systems.

LPIC-1 KeyTerms (10 decks)

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