102 Linux Installation and Package Management KT Flashcards
Key Terms
102.1 Design hard disk layout
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
/ (root) filesystem /var filesystem /home filesystem /boot filesystem EFI System Partition (ESP) swap space mount points partitions
/ (root) filesystem
This is the top level of all directories.
/var filesystem
Persistent, variable system data. Must be writable. This directory might be pre-populated with vendor-supplied data.
/home filesystem
The location for a normal user’s home directory.
/boot filesystem
The location of the boot partition responsible for bringing up the system.
EFI System Partition (ESP)
If the boot partition /boot/ is maintained separately from the EFI System Partition (ESP), the latter is mounted here. Tools that need to operate on the EFI system partition should look for it at this mount point first, and fall back to /boot/ — if the former doesn’t qualify.
swap space
Swap is a space on a disk that is used when the amount of physical RAM memory is full. When a Linux system runs out of RAM, inactive pages are moved from the RAM to the swap space.
mount points
A mount point is a directory (typically an empty one) in the currently accessible filesystem on which an additional filesystem is mounted.
partitions
Disk partitioning is the creation of separate divisions of a hard disk drive using partition editors such as fdisk.
102.2 Install a boot manager
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf
grub-install
grub-mkconfig
MBR
menu.lst
The GRUB menu.lst file lists the contents of the GRUB main menu. The GRUB main menu lists boot entries for all the OS instances that are installed on your system
grub.cfg
The grub.cfg file is the GRUB2 configuration file. It is generated by the grub2-mkconfig program using a set of primary configuration files and the grub default file as a source for user configuration specifications.
grub.conf
The GRUB menu interface configuration file is /boot/grub/grub.conf. The commands to set the global preferences for the menu interface are placed at the top of the file, followed by stanzas for each operating kernel or operating system listed in the menu.
grub-install
grub-install is a command/program that can be invoked to install the GRUB boot loader on a partition.
grub-mkconfig
grub-mkconfig is the command/program that generates a configuration file for GRUB.
MBR
A master boot record (often shortened as MBR) is a kind of boot sector stored on a hard disk drive or other storage device that contains the necessary computer code to start the boot process.