105- Skull Test Flashcards
How many bones are in the skull
22
How many cranial and facial bones are in the skull
8 cranial
14 facial
Bones that make up the calvaria
Frontal, occipital, rt and lt parietal
Bones that make up the cranial floor
Ethmoid, sphenoid, rt and lt temporal
Where is the coronal suture found
Between the frontal and parietal bones
Where is the Sagittal suture found
On top of head, between the two parietal bones
Where is the squamosal suture found
Between the temporal and parietal bones
Where is the lambdoidal suture found
Between the occipital and parietal bones
Where is the bregma found
Junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures
Where is the lambda found
Junction of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures
Where is the pterion found
Junction of parietal bone, squamosal suture,& greater Wing of sphenoid
Where is the asterion found
Junction of occipital and parietal bones, & mastoid portion of temporal bone
The anterior fontanel is at the
Bregma
The posterior fontanel is at the
Lambda
The sphenoidal fontanels are at the
Pterion
The mastoid fontanels are at the
Asterion
The posterior and sphenoidal fontanels close around
1-3 months after birth
The anterior and mastoid fontanels close during
Second year of life
Adult size and density of the skull are achieved by age
12
The average cranium measures __inches wide
6
The average cranium measures __inches long (front to back)
7
The average cranium measures __inches deep (top to bottom)
9
The length and width of normally shaped skulls may vary by___
1 inch
What are the names of the auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus, stapes
What kind of joints are the cranial sutures? Movement?
Fibrous suture, immovable
What kind of joint is the TMJ? Movement?
Synovial hinge & gliding, freely movable
What kind of joints are the alveolar sockets? Movement?
Fibrous gomphosis, immovable
What kind of joint is the atlantoocipital? Movement?
Synovial ellipsoidal, freely movable
The outer rim of the ear is called the
Helix
The tympanic cavity communicates with the nasopharynx through the
Auditory (eustachian) tube
What is the purpose of the auditory tube
Equalize pressures
The maxillary sinuses are usually developed when
At birth
The frontal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses develop by age
6-7
The sinuses are not completely developed until age
17-18
What sinuses are the largest
Maxillary
Where are the ethmoidal sinuses located
Within lateral masses of the labyrinths of the ethmoid bone
Where do the anterior and middle ethmoid cells open into
Middle nasal meatus
Where do the posterior ethmoid cells drain into
Superior nasal meatus
The sphenoidal sinuses lie below the
Della turcica
In what bone is the crista galli found
Ethmoid bone
What is the degree of a mesocephalic skull
47
What is the degree of a Bradycephalic skull
54
What is the degree of a dolichocephalic skull
40
Describe the bradycephalic skull shape
Short front to back
Broad side to side
Shallow vertex to base
Describe the dolichocephalic skull shape
Long front to back
Narrow side to side
Deep vertex to base
An average of ___degrees exists between OML and IOML
7
An average of ___degrees exists between the OML and GML
8
What is the biparietal diameter
Widest part of skull
What are the two skull positioning errors
Rotation and tilt
When might a patient need a reverse Townes
If they have a hypersthenic body habitus
How many pairs of foramina are in the sphenoid
4
What are the names of the foramina in the sphenoid
Rotundum, ovale, lacerum, spinosum
The circle of Willis is formed by
Major arteries: anterior and middle cerebral, basilar
What is the basilar view of the skull
Smv
What focal spot size is used for skull views
Small
What is the diploe
Inner spongy tissue layer
Another term for acanthion
Anterior nasal spine
What is it called if all of the sinuses are infected
Pan sinusitis
The ethmoid sinuses are divided into ___ parts
3
Underpenetration of sinuses may show___
Nonexistent pathology
Townes cr
Enters hairline, OML perpendicular to Ir
Townes tube angle
30 caudal for OML, 37 for IOML
Structures demonstrated in Townes
Dorsum sellae within foramen magnum, occipital bone, Petrous ridges, posterior clinoid processes
Caldwell cr
Exit nasion, nose and forehead against ir
Caldwell tube angle
15 caudal
Structures demonstrated in Caldwell view
Petrous ridges in lower 1/3 of orbits, frontal bone, crista galli
Lateral skull cr
2” above EAM
Structures demonstrated in lateral skull
Sella turcica in profile, orbital roofs superimposed
Waters cr
Exit acanthion, MML perpendicular to Ir
Lateral sinuses cr
1/2-1” posterior to outer canthus
Smv cr
1” anterior to eam, IOML perpendicular to cr
Structures demonstrated in pirie view
Sphenoid sinuses projected through open mouth
