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105 Test 1 Mod A, B > 105 Module A Study Guide Part 2 > Flashcards

105 Module A Study Guide Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of hyponatremia?

A

Anything that is taking fluid out of the body (vomiting, Diarrhea, NG tube, wound drainage, excessive diaphoresis, low salt intake.

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2
Q

What are the s/s of hyponatremia?

A
  • Low B/P
  • CONFUSION
  • Muscle Cramps
  • Tachycardia
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3
Q

What are some causes of hypernatremia?

A
  • Excessive sodium intake (like if they drown in salt water or if they get excessive sodium IV fluids)
  • Water deprivation
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4
Q

What is the biggest s/s of hypernatremia?

A

THIRST

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5
Q

What are some causes of hypokalemia?

A
  • Hypokalemia
  • Severe diaphoresis
  • POTASSIUM WASTING DIURETICS (THIAZIDES AND LOOP DIURETICS)
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6
Q

What are the s/s of hypokalemia?

A

• Arrhythmias

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7
Q

What is the treatment for hypokalemia?

A

Potassium

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8
Q

What are some causes of hyperkalemia?

A

• RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

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9
Q

What are the s/s of hyperkalemia?

A
  • Too much potassium

* Cardiac arrhythmias

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10
Q

What foods should you avoid if you have hyperkalemia?

A

Potassium rich foods, bannanas, TOMATOS BROCCOLI, DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

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11
Q

What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?

A

Treatment for hyperkalemia is dialysis. If they don’t need it, use insulin, D50 and Albuterol. This will be on the test. This is not a question on the study guide but will be on the test. D50 should be pushed slow.

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12
Q

What are some causes of hypocalcemia?

A
  • Inadequate calcium intake
  • 2 forms: Total calcium, ionized. Ionized is more reliable because it only includes “usable calcium” in the blood. Know the ionized calcium levels. If you are hypocalcemic your blood is thicker.
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13
Q

What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?

A
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Muscle spasms
  • Two tests: Truseau’s sign and Chivaustic’s sign
  • Neuromuscular excitability
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14
Q

What are some causes of hypercalcemia?

A
  • Excessive calcium intake

* Excessive Vitamin D

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15
Q

What are the s/s of hypercalcemia?

A
  • Kidney failure
  • Kidney stones
  • Bone overgrowth
  • Decreased GI motility (constipation)
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16
Q

Why use ionized calcium levels to monitor calcium?

A

It will give you more accurate total useable calcium. Know ionized calcium levels.

17
Q

What are some causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

• Decreased intake and absorption

18
Q

What are the s/s of hypomagnesemia?

A 
•	Cardiac dysrhythmias
•	Muscle spasms
•	Two tests:  Truseau’s sign and Chivaustic’s sign
•	Neuromuscular excitability
(these are the same as hypocalcemia)
19
Q

What are some causes of hypermagnesemia?

A

Increased magnesium intake such as Milk of Magnesia You will want to know what meds they are taking.

20
Q

What is a big sign of hypermagnesemia?

A

Lethargy

21
Q

What are some causes of hypo or hyperchloremia?

A

• Chloride imblances due to ng suctioning, or anything that gets rid of your stomach contents.

22
Q

What are some causes of hypophosphatemia?

A
  • # 1 cause: Alcoholism
  • Malnourishment
  • Starvation
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Chronic Diarrhea
23
Q

What are the s/s of hypophosphatemia?

A
  • Muscle weakness

* pain

24
Q

What are some causes of hyperphosphatemia?

A
  • RENAL FAILURE IS THE #1
  • Chemotherapy
  • Phosphorus based enemas
25
Q

What are the s/s of hyperphosphatemia?

A

same as hypocalcemia:

  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Muscle spasms
  • Neuromuscular excitability
26
Q

Know what medications can cause electrolyte imbalances..P&P, pg.897

A

read the page

27
Q

Why is a health history important in assessing F&E imbalances?

A

it will tell you about their intake of electrolytes, bowel habits, medications

28
Q

How can a physical assessment help?

A

It can tell you tell you weights, vitals, loc, resp sounds, bowel sounds, skin turgor, edema, etc.

29
Q

Know why I&O is important and what can be delegated

A

You have to instruct folks, keeping up with I&O is important.

105 Test 1 Mod A, B (4 decks)

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