105 Module A Study Guide Part 1

Question 1

What 5 functions does water have in the body?

Answer 1

• Perfusion
• Thermoregulation
• Transport
• Nutrition
• Elimination

Question 2

Define body fluid.

Answer 2

Water that makes up the body that helps disolve or suspend substances

Question 3

Define volume.

Answer 3

Amount of fluid

Question 4

Define osmosis

Answer 4

Movement of water across semi-permeable membranes** This will be on the test.

Question 5

Define osmolality

Answer 5

Concentration of a solute

Question 6

What are the functions of electrolytes?

Answer 6

• They help with fluid volume
• They help to maintain homeostasis
• They help with Nerve impulses
• Cellular activity and metabolism

Question 7

What is ICF and ECF?

Answer 7

Intracellular fluid and Extracellular Fluid

Question 8

What is “third spacing”?

Answer 8

Fluid buildup in places where it’s not supposed to build up. This usually happens in tissues

Question 9

What do the terms Hypo, Hyper and Iso mean?

Answer 9

Less than, More than, Same. This will be on the test

Question 10

How many kg does a L weigh?

Answer 10

1 - This will be on test.

Question 11

How many pounds in a kg?

Answer 11

2.2 - This will be on test.

Question 12

What 3 things impact osmolality?

Answer 12

• Glucose levels
• Sodium levels
• BUN levels

Question 13

What are the 4 processes that move water and electrolytes?

Answer 13

• Active Transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Filtration

Question 14

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 14

Hydrostatic Pressure is Force of Fluid outward against a surface. This will be on test,.

Question 15

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 15

Osmotic pressure is pressure of fluid against a semi permeable membrane. This will be on test.

Question 16

What is sensible and insensible water loss?

Answer 16

Sensible water loss is water loss that you can see (like sweating or vomit or etc). Insensible water loss is water loss you can’t see. (like breathing)

Question 17

What 3 hormones affect the kidneys?

Answer 17

• RAAS
• Aldosterone
• ANP Atrial natriuretic peptides
This will be on test. ADH?

Question 18

What are some causes of FVD?

Answer 18

Hypovolemia (low fluid volume), Dehydration, N/V/D, diaphoresis, Fluid volume shifts (which means someone could have edema and still have fluid volume deficit), hemorrhage, fistula, diuretics..or anything that makes you get rid of fluid. This will DEFINITELY be on test.

Question 19

What are some s/s of FVD?

Answer 19

Thirst** This will be on test, Tachychardia, low bp, orthostatic hypotension, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, H&H increased (unless they have blood loss), Flat neck veins, delayed capillary refill..] Tachy, turgor, mucus membranes especially.

Question 20

What are the complications of FVD?

Answer 20

Shock. Low blood volume, no tissue perfusion, venous thrombosis, intractable seizures, renal failure.

Question 21

What are some interventions for FVD?

Answer 21

Correct the symptoms and replace fluid and electrolytes (slowly). You would give anti-emetics if they have N/V. If they have low H&H you would give them blood. Daily weights** Daily weights will be on test. Weighing somebody is the most important intervention you can do.

Question 22

What are some nursing diagnosis for for a patient with FVD?

Answer 22

Fluid volume deficit r/t excess fluid loss. It may ask you what the goals would be for any given nursing diagnosis on fluid volume deficit. A goal may be weight gain: 2 lbs in 2 days. This will be on the test.

Question 23

What role does albumin play in FVD?

Answer 23

It can lead to fluid shifting. Albumin it increases the osmotic pressure. You will need to know your albumin levels. This will be on test. Example: if they have a low albumin level you will suspect fluid volume deficit. 3.5-5 are the normal levels. This will be on the test.

Question 24

What fluids are used with dehydration? Hypovolemia?

Answer 24

Hypotonic fluids would be used with dehydration. Examples: ½ normal saline. For hypovolemia you would use isotonic.

Question 25

What does third spacing effect?

Answer 25

• Decreases output
• Increases H/R
• Decreases B/P
• Increase Weight
• Pitting Edema
• Ascites

Question 26

What are some s/s of third spacing?

Answer 26

Decreased urine output with adequate intake. Get more info. This card is mixed up with “What does third spacing effect.

Question 27

What are some causes of FVO?

Answer 27

• Hypervolemia
• Renal Failure
• CHF
• Excessive Sodium Intake
• Increased Aldosterone level (NOT increased ADH…this is different)
• Water intoxication ( freshwater drowning, rapid infusion of hypotonic infusion, improper mixing of formula)

Question 28

What are the s/s of FVO?

Answer 28

Edema, CV changes, fatigue, bounding pulses/rapid, jvd, weight gain, tachypnea, wet lung sounds (ronchi/crackles), neuromuscular (confusion), headache

Question 29

What are some interventions for FVO?

Answer 29

Correct the underlying cause, administration of diuretics, restriction of fluid, restriction of sodium, dialysis

Question 30

What are some nursing diagnosis for a patient with FVO?

Answer 30

Fluid volume overload related to [whatever].

Question 31

What are the three classes of diuretics related to this test?

Answer 31

• Loop Diuretic (Lasix) (potassium wasting)
• Potassium Sparing (Aldactone) (potassium sparing)
• Thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide) (potassium wasting)