105 Module A Study Guide Part 1 Flashcards
What 5 functions does water have in the body?
- Perfusion
- Thermoregulation
- Transport
- Nutrition
- Elimination
Define body fluid.
Water that makes up the body that helps disolve or suspend substances
Define volume.
Amount of fluid
Define osmosis
Movement of water across semi-permeable membranes** This will be on the test.
Define osmolality
Concentration of a solute
What are the functions of electrolytes?
- They help with fluid volume
- They help to maintain homeostasis
- They help with Nerve impulses
- Cellular activity and metabolism
What is ICF and ECF?
Intracellular fluid and Extracellular Fluid
What is “third spacing”?
Fluid buildup in places where it’s not supposed to build up. This usually happens in tissues
What do the terms Hypo, Hyper and Iso mean?
Less than, More than, Same. This will be on the test
How many kg does a L weigh?
1 - This will be on test.
How many pounds in a kg?
2.2 - This will be on test.
What 3 things impact osmolality?
- Glucose levels
- Sodium levels
- BUN levels
What are the 4 processes that move water and electrolytes?
- Active Transport
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Filtration
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Hydrostatic Pressure is Force of Fluid outward against a surface. This will be on test,.
What is osmotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure is pressure of fluid against a semi permeable membrane. This will be on test.
What is sensible and insensible water loss?
Sensible water loss is water loss that you can see (like sweating or vomit or etc). Insensible water loss is water loss you can’t see. (like breathing)
What 3 hormones affect the kidneys?
• RAAS
• Aldosterone
• ANP Atrial natriuretic peptides
This will be on test. ADH?
What are some causes of FVD?
Hypovolemia (low fluid volume), Dehydration, N/V/D, diaphoresis, Fluid volume shifts (which means someone could have edema and still have fluid volume deficit), hemorrhage, fistula, diuretics..or anything that makes you get rid of fluid. This will DEFINITELY be on test.
What are some s/s of FVD?
Thirst** This will be on test, Tachychardia, low bp, orthostatic hypotension, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, H&H increased (unless they have blood loss), Flat neck veins, delayed capillary refill..] Tachy, turgor, mucus membranes especially.
What are the complications of FVD?
Shock. Low blood volume, no tissue perfusion, venous thrombosis, intractable seizures, renal failure.
What are some interventions for FVD?
Correct the symptoms and replace fluid and electrolytes (slowly). You would give anti-emetics if they have N/V. If they have low H&H you would give them blood. Daily weights** Daily weights will be on test. Weighing somebody is the most important intervention you can do.
What are some nursing diagnosis for for a patient with FVD?
Fluid volume deficit r/t excess fluid loss. It may ask you what the goals would be for any given nursing diagnosis on fluid volume deficit. A goal may be weight gain: 2 lbs in 2 days. This will be on the test.
What role does albumin play in FVD?
It can lead to fluid shifting. Albumin it increases the osmotic pressure. You will need to know your albumin levels. This will be on test. Example: if they have a low albumin level you will suspect fluid volume deficit. 3.5-5 are the normal levels. This will be on the test.
What fluids are used with dehydration? Hypovolemia?
Hypotonic fluids would be used with dehydration. Examples: ½ normal saline. For hypovolemia you would use isotonic.
What does third spacing effect?
- Decreases output
- Increases H/R
- Decreases B/P
- Increase Weight
- Pitting Edema
- Ascites
What are some s/s of third spacing?
Decreased urine output with adequate intake. Get more info. This card is mixed up with “What does third spacing effect.
What are some causes of FVO?
- Hypervolemia
- Renal Failure
- CHF
- Excessive Sodium Intake
- Increased Aldosterone level (NOT increased ADH…this is different)
- Water intoxication ( freshwater drowning, rapid infusion of hypotonic infusion, improper mixing of formula)
What are the s/s of FVO?
Edema, CV changes, fatigue, bounding pulses/rapid, jvd, weight gain, tachypnea, wet lung sounds (ronchi/crackles), neuromuscular (confusion), headache
What are some interventions for FVO?
Correct the underlying cause, administration of diuretics, restriction of fluid, restriction of sodium, dialysis
What are some nursing diagnosis for a patient with FVO?
Fluid volume overload related to [whatever].
What are the three classes of diuretics related to this test?
- Loop Diuretic (Lasix) (potassium wasting)
- Potassium Sparing (Aldactone) (potassium sparing)
- Thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide) (potassium wasting)