104 Final Flashcards
What are the articulators?
lips, teeth, tongue, alveolar ridge, soft palate, glottis, and uvula
The inner ear starts at
the oval window
What are the 2 main parts of the inner ear?
cochlea and semicircular canal
What are the 2 nerves for hearing that go to the brain?
vestibular nerve and auditory nerve
The ear perceives sound as ___ and is translated into ___. Then sent to the brain as___
sound wave energy translated into electrical energy and sent to the brain as neural energy
Anatomy of the ear from the outside in
pinna, ear canal(external auditory meatus), tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea
After reflexive cries what comes first in a Childs speech?
babbling
What are 4 types of babbling (in order)?
Transitional babbling
reduplicated babbling
variegated babbling
jargon
Transitional babbling and age
5 months
contains short syllable productions of consonant-vowel combinations ‘aaagagagaaa” (C-V combos)
reduplicated babbling and age
6-7 months
characterized by syllable strings of single consonant and vowel combinations “mamama”
4 criteria for what is a true word
(used)consistently over time
approximation of adult production
(used) purposefully
salient reference
What age do first words come by?
12 months
By this age child should have 50 understandable (to non-family members) words
18 months
2 words together by what age?
by 24 months
By this age complex sentence structure and 75% intelligibility
3 years
by what age does a child have the ability to use displacement?
5 to 6 years
by what age does a child develop a true narrative
8 to 9 years (3rd grade)
what feature of language describes the interaction with the environment, innate cognitive skills and desire to interact socially ?
learnability
by what age are the basics of language aquired?
46 months
is written language a natural process?
no
what is the single most important factor in a child’s learning?
the home environment
How does socioeconomic status impact a childs language?
child enters school with around 36k less words
What are the parts of phonological awareness?
-word awareness
alliteration
-phonemic awareness-
-rhyming
Is knowing the alphabet a part of phonological awareness?
no
is phonemic awareness a perquisite to reading?
yes
at what age do children start to read to learn?
9 to 14
What are some examples of how you know a child has developed print awareness?
differentiate between writing left to right
turn the page from right to left
orient the book correctly
Who came up with the theory of cognative development?
Piaget
In the sensori-motor period what are 3 cognitive concepts?
- means ends
- object permanence
- causality
What are the 3 key behaviors that allow a child to learn?
play
communication
imitation
which age is the greatest language growth
2 to 7
variegated babbling and age
9-18 months
wider variety of combinations of vowels and consonants “mo be go da”
Phonological processes should be gone by what age? BUT there can still be ____
4 years old
articulation delays
Adult brain fully developed (executive functioning) by what age?
25, LATE 20s
By what grade should children be able to maintain topics by repeating what their partner says?
pre-k
initial exposure to a word accompanied by rapid acquisition of a general sense of its meaning ( importance of field trips, science projects, classes etc)
Fast Mapping
When we are learning new information by relationship, What’s it called when you store the thing you last heard?
recency effect
what is the ability of service providers to recognize, honor, and respect beliefs interaction styles and behaviors of the individual and families they serve?
Cultural competence
What (3) impacts a child developing a 2nd language (L2)?
- Frequency and quality of exposure to L2
- Attending pre-k where L2 is spoken
- Value family places on L2
In the school age years what are the greatest areas of growth?
pragmatics and semantics
As children progress they are able to talk about abstract concepts at what age?
10-12
Are dialect or accent impacted by socioeconomic status?
DIALECT
What are the 3 core components of executive functioning?
working memory
inhibition
cognitive flexibility
Are dementia and Alzheimers part of natural aging?
No
What are the impacts of the natural aging process on language?
processing speed- slows down
inhibition
working memory
What helps maintain cognitive functioning?
Learning new things
What are we respecting when we refer to diversity?
multiculturalism or cultural competence
What part of the brain is the language centers of the brain?
temporal lobe
Essay- now that we have talked about spoken and written language development- what activities can we do as SLPA that might contribute to ongoing language - reading and written language growth?
Practice pre-reading skills like print awareness and phonological awareness. Phonological awareness id a pre-requisite to reading and includes skills like rhyming, alteration, and being able to sound out words using syllables and phonetic awareness. To practice phonological awareness you could play a game with word rhyming where in a group kids go back and forth and rhyme different words. You could also practice saying words that start with the same sound and go around in a group or between you and the child like /c/at /c/hat /c/up.
Model reading fluency. Modeling reading is a way we can facilitate more fluent reading for a child. We should be sure to encourage reading to the child at home but we can read to the child in therapy as and model correct pronunciation and rhythm of reading. Point to the words as you read them and stop and be sure that you are engaging the child attention.
Dialogic reading- asking questions about the text or pictures, and have the child retell what happened, this helps develop an understanding of the narrative which is important for understanding both reading comprehension and written language and developing skills needed for understanding stories on their own and writing and telling stories on their own.
Practice writing narratives, once an older child has begun to understand how to write but had not yet grasped a narrative you can practice writing narratives through many different activities. You could may this easy or more difficult depending on the level. Practice sequencing first through brain storming activities and prompts and then use full sentences to write out that sqequenc of events. Use the students individual interests to make it relevant to them and relevant to what they need to know for their class as well.
