104 Expeditionary First Aid Fundamentals Flashcards
104.1 State the purpose of first aid.
Temporary measures to save life, prevent further injury, and preserve resistance to vitality.
104.2a Discuss the possible causes and treatment for the following injuries: Asphyxiation.
Choking, anaphylactic reaction, or swelling of mouth, tongue or airway. Treat with Heimlich maneuver, epinephrine injection, or administer oxygen.
104.2b Discuss the possible causes and treatment for the following injuries: Hemorrhage (bleeding).
Imputations, trauma, gunshot wounds, or punctures. Treat with direct pressure, pressure dressing, and direct pressure or tourniquet.
104.2c Discuss the possible causes and treatment for the following injuries: Cardiac arrest.
Acute myocardial infraction results when a coronary artery is severely occluded by arteriosclerosis or completely blocked by a clot. Treat by pacing patient in comfortable position, give high concentration of oxygen via nonrebreather mask, assist the patient in taking nitroglycerin, transport properly to medical treatment facility, perform CPR if needed with assistance of AED.
104.2d Discuss the possible causes and treatment for the following injuries: Fractures.
A break in the bone, which is either closed (entirely internal) or open (tissue wound). Immobilize or splint the wound, treat for shock, never attempt to straighten or push a bone back in.
104.2e Discuss the possible causes and treatment for the following injuries: Burns.
Three types of burns are thermal, electrical, and chemical and they’re classified according to the depth of injury (first-degree being most mild and third-degree being most severe). Once casualty has been removed from the source of injury, first aid should be minimal. Make sure airway is open, treat for shock, remove constricting jewelry and clothing, protect burned area with a clean sheets/dried dressings. Ointment may only be applied to non-broken skin and never attempted to remove some thing adhering to a wound.
104.2f Discuss the possible causes and treatment for the following injuries: Shock.
Hypovolemic shock is a state of shock caused by any loss of fluid through blood loss, dehydration, burns, etc. To treat, control bleeding, maintain airway, administer oxygen and keep body warm.
104.3a Define and discuss the following types of fractures in the treatment of: Simple (closed).
Where the bone is broken, but there is no break in the skin. Splint the limb, and if it is a break in the long bone, and doing so will not cause further injury, carefully straighten the limb and then splint.
104.3b Define and discuss the following types of fractures in the treatment of: Compound (open).
The break in the bone has caused a tissue/skin wound. Take care of the wound before the fracture. Use direct pressure to control bleeding then splint fracture.
104.4a Discuss the following types of bleeding: Arterial.
Bright red blood that will gush out in spurts that are synchronized with the heartbeat, unless the cut is severe in which case it will bleed in a steady stream.
104.4b Discuss the following types of bleeding: Venous.
Blood from the veins that will be dark red and flow in an even steady stream.
104.4c Discuss the following types of bleeding: Capillary.
The dark brick red blood will ooze out slowly.
104.5 Discuss what type of battlefield injury/bleeding are the following actions appropriate: Direct pressure.
If bleeding continues after application of sterile field dressing, apply direct pressure by placing one hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes, elevate limbs to assist.
