102b - Intellecutal Disability Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common cause of mild intellectual disability?

A

Familial Intellectual Disabilty

Usually IQ > 50

(Often, people with mild intellectual disability have family members with mild ID; Intelligence is highly heritable)

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2
Q

The majority of people with Intellectual Disability have an IQ of [range]

A

The majority of people with Intellectual Disability have an IQ of 50-70

This is considered “mild” intellectual disability

Can receive an education, may live independently

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3
Q

What is the difference between deterioration and degeneration?

What does this tell us about the cause of intellectual disability?

A
  • Deterioration
    • Period of normal development, followed by an obvious injury and loss of neurologic function
    • Cause = the injury
  • Degeneration
    • Period of normal development, followed by a gradual and progressive loss of function without obvious injury
    • Cause = likely metabolic disorder or progressive neurologic disease
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4
Q

What is the most common inherited (genetic) cause of intellectual disability?

A

Fragile X syndrome

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5
Q

What is the mean and standard deviation for IQ?

A

Mean = 100

Standard deviation = 15

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6
Q

At which stage of development does intellectual disability most often begin?

A

Prenatal development

Includes the following etiologies:

  • Chromosomal (Down Syndrome)
  • Single gene (Fragile X)
  • Malformation syndromes
    • Neural tube, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, anencephaly
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7
Q

List 3 causes of intellectual disability with postnatal origin

A
  • Hypoxic birth injury
  • Brain injury
  • Metabolic disorders
    • Technically the mutation is there prenatally, but no pathologic changes have occured until the postnatal period
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8
Q

Give an example of a cause of intellectual disability with perinatal origin

A

Infectious disease

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9
Q

IQ < __ defines intellectual disability

A

IQ < 70 defines intellectual disability

Standard Deviation = 15

<70 is more than 2 standard deviations below the mean

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10
Q

What is the most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disability?

A

Down Syndrome

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