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LPIC 101-500 > 102.1 Design hard disk layout > Flashcards

102.1 Design hard disk layout Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the directory from which all others descend?

A

root ( / )

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2
Q

What is in /var usually?

A

This is a variable location. Typically you will find log files and other dynamic content.

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3
Q

What is the /home directory?

A

/home is the user’s home directory, where personal files are stored.

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4
Q

Which file system location stores the Linux kernel and all its supporting files?

A

/boot

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5
Q

This file system location is often used by third party software vendors. What is it called?

A

/opt

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6
Q

What is SWAP space?

A

Swat space is temporary storage that acts like RAM.

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7
Q

Why is a swap file lower in performance than a dedicated swap partition?

A

Because it’s actually writing to a separate file within any partition, while a swap partition, all data that gets sent there is just going straight to the hard disk and not getting written to an extra file.

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8
Q

What is the rule of thumb for the size of a swap file?

A

To set the swap file space to be 1.5 to 2 times the size of RAM on the computer.

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9
Q

What does this mean? /dev/sda

A

sda means that is your first hard drive. It ‘s the “a” in “sda” that tells us this. (at least the first drive that the Kernel can recognize).

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10
Q

When a percentage of _____ is full is that the kernel will move the _____ used data to swap.

A

RAM - less

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11
Q

What command displays every partition and corresponding mount points in the system?

A

mount

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12
Q

What functions does the #mount command have?

A
  1. show the partitions and mount points

2. mount partitions to directories

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13
Q

How is /dev/sda1 interpreted/read?

A

These are partitions:

/dev/sda1 > first partition (1) of the first drive (a)

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14
Q

What is a mount point?

A

A mount point is when you take a partition of a disc or an entire disc and you mount it to a specific directory.

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15
Q

What is a block device?

A

A hard disk that writes large amounts of data in block sizes to a location.

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16
Q

Which command lists the partition information on a specific disk?

A

fdisk -l /dev/sda

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17
Q

In the output of the command fdisk -l /dev/sda, what does the star sign mean under the title “boot”?

A

It means this disk has the boot flag set on it so the computer knows to boot from it.

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18
Q

What command can you use to see how the swap partitions are set up?

A

swapon –summary

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19
Q

What does LVM stand for?

A

Logical Volume Manager

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20
Q

What does LVM do?

A

It allows the creation of groups of disks or partitions that can be assembled into a single or multiple file systems.

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21
Q

You can use an LVM volume for any mount point except one, which one?

A

/boot. /boot has to be a regular file system.

22
Q

Why can’t an LVM volume use /boot?

A

Because GRUB cannot read beta data

23
Q

What does LVM allow in terms of flexibility for volumes?

A

+It allows resizing of volumes (increase or decrease)

+It allows to take snapshots of a logical volume

24
Q

How many PV (physical volumes or physical disks) do you have to have to use LVM?

A

It doesn’t matter. It can be one or many.

25
Q

How can you create a sort of backup in LVM?

A

With a snapshot

26
Q

What is on top of a VG - Volume Group - ?

A

An LV (Logical Volume). A LV is a lot like a partition.

27
Q

What is the hierarchical structure of LVM from general to specific?

A

PV > VG > LV > FS

Physical Volume > Volume Group > Logical Volume > File System

28
Q

What does the #pvs command do?

A

It checks out all individual physical volumes that belong to an LVM setup.

29
Q

What does the #vgs command do?

A

It lists out the volume groups within an LVM group.

30
Q

What does #vgs stand for?

A

volume group scan

31
Q

What command do you use to list out the logical volumes in an LVM group?

A

lvs

32
Q

What command do you use to list out the volume groups within an LVM group?

A

vgs

33
Q

What command do you use to list out the physical volumes within an LVM group?

A

pvs

34
Q

Which is the partition or directory that contains all hardware that is attached to your system?

A

/dev

35
Q

What does LVM do?

A

LVM creates virtual block devices from physical devices.

36
Q

What does a VG (volume group) encompass?

A

It encompass all PV -physical volumes-

37
Q

what does #pvs stand for?

A

Physical volume scan

38
Q

Which is the bottom of the directory tree in Linux, and how is it represented?

A

root. Its symbol is /

39
Q

What does the /media directory contain?

A

It is where CD drives and usb drives can be mounted to.

40
Q

What does the /opt directory contain?

A

Optional location for applications that are not stored in the /bin directory.

41
Q

What does the /boot directory contain?

A

It contains the files the system needs to be booted up.

42
Q

What does the /dev directory contain?

A

It contains all references to the devices connected to the system such as HDD, keyboards, usb devices, sound cards and anything else connected to the computer.

43
Q

What does the /etc directory contain?

A

It contains config files for system services and system info.

44
Q

What does the /home directory contain?

A

It contains the user’s personal files, downloads and saved documents.

45
Q

What does the /usr directory contain?

A

It has its own set of directory tree closely mirroring that of the root directory.

46
Q

What does the /tmp directory contain?

A

It is used by applications to store temporary data.

47
Q

What does the /sys directory contain?

A

Hardware info

48
Q

What does the /srv directory contain?

A

It usually has server applications such as web servers.

49
Q

What does the /sbin directory contain?

It contains the system administrator’s programs and tools Only the root user has access to this location.

A

It contains the system administrator’s programs and tools only the root user has access to this location.

50
Q

Which is the root’s home directory?

A

/root

51
Q

What does the /proc directory contain?

A

It provides info about the processes running in the system.

52
Q

What does the /mount directory contain?

A

It is where other HDD can be mounted to the system.

LPIC 101-500 (24 decks)

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