10.2 The Five Kingdoms

Question 1

Prokaryotae

Answer 1

1. unicellular
2. no nucleus or membrane bound organelles- a ring of naked DNa and small ribosomes
3. no visible feeding mechanism- nutrients absorbed through the cell wall or produced internally by photosynthesis
4. prokaryote
5. bacteria: E.coli, staphylococcus aureus

Question 2

Protoctista

Answer 2

1. mainly unicellular
2. a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
3. some have chloroplasts
4. some sessile but others move by cilia flagella or by amoeboid mechanisms
5. autotrophic or heterotrophic or both (parasitic)
6. eukaryotic
7. amoeba

Question 3

Fungi

Answer 3

1. unicellular or multicellular
2. nucleus and membrane bound organelles
3. chitin cell wall
4. no chloroplasts or chlorophyll
5. no mechanism for locomotion
6. body or mycelium made of threads or hyphae
7. saprophytic- absorption of nutrients from decaying material
8. store food as glycogen
9. mushrooms, moulds, yeasts

Question 4

Plantae

Answer 4

1. multicellular
2. nucleus and membrane bound organelles
3. cellulose cell wall
4. most don’t move, but gametes can move by cilia or flagella
5. autotrophic
6. food stored as starch

Question 5

Animalia

Answer 5

1. multicellular
2. nucleus and membrane bound organelles
3. no cell wall or chloroplasts
4. movement due to cilia, flagella, contractile proteins
5. heterotrophic
6. food stored as glycogen

Question 6

Recent changes to classification systems

Answer 6

study of genetics and other biological molecules, now know evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 7

Domains

Answer 7

1. Eukarya- 80s ribosomes, RNA polymerase contains 12 proteins
2. Archaea- 70s, 10 proteins
3. Bacteria- 70s, 5 proteins
4. There are now six kingdoms; the prokayotes are split in two:
5. Archaebacteria- extreme environments
6. Eubacteria- all environments

The three domain system is based upon differences of sequences of nucleotides in the cells rRNA, cell membrane lipid structure and sensitivity to antibiotics