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Hoe > 102 Final Study Guide > Flashcards

102 Final Study Guide Flashcards

0
Q

Anatomy of the pancreas

A

Head, body, tail

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1
Q

Activities of erection

A

The erectile tissue of the penis fills with blood causing it to enlarge and become rigid.

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2
Q

Anatomy of the spleen

A

Splenic flexure maybe

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3
Q

Anatomy of the liver

A

The liver is connected to the gallbladder

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4
Q

Anatomy of the stomach

A

Fundus, greater and lesser curvature, rugae

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5
Q

Define agglutination

A

.I don’t know

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6
Q

Define alkaline reserve

A

.Something that has to do with maintanance

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7
Q

Define ammonia

A

In urine

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8
Q

Define anabolism

A

.I have no clue

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9
Q

Define angina pectoris

A

Chest pain

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10
Q

Define antibodies

A

The help fight infection

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11
Q

Define aplastic anemia

A

Something that has to do with not being able to breath right

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12
Q

Define bowman’s capsule

A

A part of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus

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13
Q

Define boyle’s law

A

A law about..

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14
Q

Define catabolism

A

It probably the opposite of anabolism

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15
Q

Define cerebral circulation

A

Circulation to and through the brain

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16
Q

Define Charles law

A

Another law abou..

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17
Q

Define chemotaxis

A

Having to do with toxins maybe

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18
Q

Define coronary circulation.

A

This is the circulation to all of the digestive organs and stuff

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19
Q

Define Dalton’s law

A

Another law about..

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20
Q

Define digestion

A

The breakdown of food

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21
Q

Define embryonic period

A

The period right after implantation til about week 8

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22
Q

Define endometrium

A

In the uterus it helps protect and give nutrients to the baby

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23
Q

Define glomerulus

A

A part in the nephron that is surrounded by the bowman’s capsule

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24
Q

Define haptens

A

Smaller protein into a bigger one

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25
Q

Define Henry’s law

A

Another law about..

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26
Q

The renal capsule includes?

A

The glomerulus and bomann’s capsule

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27
Q

Deamination

A

Break down of protein-creates waste products (urea and uric acid).

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28
Q

Ketone bodies

A

Triggered by the kidney-parts of proteins that get through but aren’t supposed to get through.

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29
Q

Hormone that causes gallbladder to contract?

A

Cholecystokinin-released from the deuodenum

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30
Q

The function of inflamation

A

Prevents the spread of infection, removes debris

Reddness, swelling, heat, pain

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31
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Large protein molecule activated by foreign antigens.

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32
Q

Ion

A

Either positive or negative, Sa, K, Cl, Mg are electrolites

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33
Q

Haptin

A

A small molecule bonds to a large one (a reaction to a antergenetic reaction)

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34
Q

BMR

A

(Basal metabolic rate) Amount of energy body uses at rest

-thyroid gland plays a major role in it.

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35
Q

Prolactin

A

Hormone for milk production

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36
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Adrenal and pituitary gland

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37
Q

ADH

A

Maintains water levels in the body

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38
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease-plaque build up in arteries

-major sign: angina pectoralis

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39
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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40
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

2 atrium, 2 ventricle

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41
Q

The right atrium receives blood from?

A

The inferior and superior vena cava and sinuses

-deoxygenated blood

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42
Q

The right ventricle receives blood from the?

A

Right atrium

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43
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the?

A

Right and left pulmonary veins

-oxygen rich

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44
Q

The left ventricle receives blood from the?2

A

Left atrium

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45
Q

The left ventricle pumps to the?

A

Aorta

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46
Q

The right ventricle pumps to the?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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47
Q

Capillaries

A

Where most diffusion takes place

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48
Q

Veins

A

Carries blood back to the heart

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49
Q

Arteries

A

Carries blood away from the heart

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50
Q

What is a difference between arteries and veins?

A

Veins have valves to keep blood from flowing backwards

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51
Q

EKG

A

Measures conducting pattern of the heart

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52
Q

1st part of the EKG

A

The p Wave-which tells us that the SA node is firing.

–onset of atrial contraction

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53
Q

What does the QRS tell us?

A

The ventricles are contracting

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54
Q

What does the PR wave tell us?

A

It tell us how how long it takes to fire from the SA node to the AV node

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55
Q

What creates the heart sound?

A

The closing valves

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56
Q

A lub

A

Closing of the AV valve

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57
Q

A dub

A

Closing of the semilunar valves

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58
Q

Heart murmur

A

The valves don’t close right

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59
Q

In the perinfancy stage where do you create RBCs?

A

In the yolk sac

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60
Q

Where is red bone marrow found?

A

In the epiphysis

61
Q

Where is yellow marrow found and what does it do?

A

It is found in the diaphysis and acts as a shock absorber and insulator

62
Q

Are all blood cells formed in the spleen and liver?

A

No

63
Q

Where are leukocytes formed?

A

Red blood cells

64
Q

What are the 3 major plasma proteins?

A

Globulins, albumins(most common), fibrinogen

65
Q

Albumins do what?

A

Maintain blood pressure

66
Q

What do fibroginins do?

A

Helps in coagulation

67
Q

Globulins

A

Carry antibodies

68
Q

What is the universal donor?

A

O-

Because it has no rh factor

69
Q

What is the universal recipient?

A

AB+

70
Q

Normal blood ph ranges from?

A

7.35-7.45

71
Q

During cardiac arrest what happens to the blood ph?

A

It goes down

72
Q

What are vili?

A

Finger like projections that function in absorption in the small intestine

73
Q

Rugue

A

Lines the stomach and the uterus

74
Q

Islets of langrahan

A

In the pancreas-endocrine

75
Q

Pyers patch

A

Part of the immune system, found in the small intestine in the ilium
To help maintain the right flora/culture

76
Q

Alpha cells

A

Help regulate glucagon, insulin, and blood sugar

77
Q

Beta cells

A

Secrete insulin

78
Q

Delta cells

A

Anterior pituitary

79
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Circulation from the heart to the lungs and the back to the heart

80
Q

Cerebral circulation

A

Circulation to the brain

81
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Feeds the myocardium

82
Q

Hepatic portal

A

Feeds the liver

83
Q

What lymphatic organ doesn’t help fight antigens?

A

The thymus

84
Q

Passive immunity

A

From mother to baby, it involves no action because it is already in you

85
Q

Artificial immunity

A

Like a shot

86
Q

How does the fluid get pushed back to the heart?

A

Lymphatic vessels and veins, by smooth/skeletal muscle muscle contractions, valves, thoracic pressure changes

87
Q

Lymphonodes

A

Filter lymph

88
Q

T lymphocytes aid in?

A

Cellular immunity

89
Q

What releases antibodies?

A

B cells released by plasma cells

90
Q

Which hormone targets bone and skeletal muscle?

A

Growth hormone

91
Q

What makes a tissue a target tissue?

A

The receptors on the target tissue

92
Q

Can men secrete semen and urine at the same time?

A

No, because the bladde/sphincter muscle closes

93
Q

What is important about the blood-testis barrier?

A

It helps identify that the sperm are not foreign

94
Q

What is the role of the corpus luteum prior to fertilization?

A

Prepping the endometrium for implantation

95
Q

What is the role of the corpus luteum after fertilization?

A

Produces estrogen and progesterone and takes the place of the placenta

96
Q

What are the three stages of labor?

A

Dilation, expulsion, and the placenta phases

97
Q

What happens in the dilation phase of labor?

A

Early labor and transitional: dilating of the cervical opening

98
Q

What happens in the expulsion phase of labor?

A

Delivery of the baby

99
Q

What happens in the placental phase of labor?

A

Delivery of the placenta(the afterbirth)

100
Q

Epdoderm tissue

A

One of the germ layers: makes up nervous tissue, epidermis, and tooth enamel

101
Q

What is the role of oxytocin?

A

It stimulates uterine contractions

102
Q

What is the prostate gland made out of?

A

Glandular and muscular tissue

103
Q

Heath issues with the prostate gland

A

It gets bigger, constricts the urethra, prostate cancer

104
Q

When does ovulation take place?

A

On the 14th day

105
Q

What is the embryo period?

A

Week 0-9

106
Q

What is the ovarian follicle?

A

It’s the nest of the egg

107
Q

Fertilization takes place in the?

A

Ova ducts of the Fallopian tubes

108
Q

What has to happen for a sperm to invade the oocyte?

A

The spam had to have time to travel

109
Q

The 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Myometrium, parametrium, endometrium

110
Q

Function of the endometrium

A

For implantation

111
Q

Function of the myometrium

A

Muscular layer for contractions

112
Q

Cremaster muscle function

A

Maintains temp of testis

113
Q

Bulb. gland

A

Deals with acid in the urethra and lubrication

114
Q

What causes type I diabetes?

A

Insufficient insulin

115
Q

What are the 3 major signs of diabetes

A

The 3 polys: polydipsia, polyeurasia, and poly..

116
Q

What is the epiglottis made of?

A

Elastic cartilage

117
Q

What is the richest supply of energy?

A

Fats

118
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A

For coagulation

119
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

Immune system

120
Q

What is the function of vitamin A

A

Cell growth

121
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Influences on metabolism

122
Q

What ion helps maintain water

A

Sodium

123
Q

What is potassium associated with?

A

Conduction of the heart

124
Q

What are solvable proteins that recognize foreign substances?

A

Antibodies

125
Q

What is the role of the interferons?

A

Protecting other cells

126
Q

What happens when a male is missing LH

A

He won’t produce testosterone

127
Q

What happens when a male is missing FSH?

A

They have a low sperm count

128
Q

What are the effects of estrogen in females?

A

2ndary sex characteristics

129
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Regulates sodium and water volume

130
Q

What is the function of thyroxin?

A

Regulating metabolic waste

131
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Maintains water levels

132
Q

What is the function of AMP?

A

Homeostatic control of water, Sa, K

133
Q

Which hormone would have the biggest effect on blood pressure?

A

AMP

134
Q

Alkaline reserve

A

A buffer for pH- helps maintain pH levels

135
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

Deformity of RBCs -its genetic

136
Q

What’s aplastic anemia?

A

Destruction of red bone marrow

137
Q

What is polycemia?

A

Excessive red blood cells

138
Q

Perncisiousanemia

A

Lack of the intrinsic factor

139
Q

What is the stem cell for blood called?

A

Hemocytoblast

140
Q

How do veins bring blood back to the heart?

A

Smooth muscle contractions, valves, and respirations

141
Q

What are the three tunics of the arteries?

A

Tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima

142
Q

The tunica externa functions in?

A

Flexability

143
Q

The tunica media functions in?

A

Controlling constriction and dialation

144
Q

The tunica intima functions in?

A

Allows blood cells to slide over

145
Q

Platelets

A

Fragments of cells no nucleus, form platelet plugs, short life expectancy

146
Q

What are the 3 stages of hemostasis

A

Vascular spasm, platelet plug, coagulation

147
Q

What does leukopenia mean?

A

A lack/ decrease number of white blood cells

148
Q

Laws of the heart

A
  • you can’t pump out more than you take in

- both sides pump out the same amount of blood

149
Q

Ureters

A

Transport the urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Hoe (7 decks)

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