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Hoe > Semester Final 2 > Flashcards

Semester Final 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Causes of motion sickness

A

inner ear camera, the eyes, and other areas of the body that detect motion send unexpected or conflicting messages to the brain

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1
Q

Causes of conduction deafness

A

tumors; middle ear fluid from infection or Eustachian tube dysfunction;

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2
Q

Characteristics about light and vision

A

.

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3
Q

Characteristics of articular cartilage

A

.

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4
Q

Characteristics of elastic cartilage

A

.

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5
Q

Characteristics of firbrocartilage

A

.

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6
Q

Characteristics of homeostatic imbalance

A

.

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7
Q

Characteristics of hyaline cartilage

A

.

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8
Q

Characteristics of odorants

A

.

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9
Q

Characteristics of various muscle cells

A

.

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10
Q

Define action potential

A

A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

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11
Q

Define afferent nerves

A

sensory, carry impulse to CNS

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12
Q

Define conjunctiva

A

Lines the eyelid

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13
Q

Define desmosomes

A

Spiny part of the cell, found in the spinosum

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14
Q

Define disaccharide

A

A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.

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15
Q

Define efferent nerves

A

Motor nerves. Exit

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16
Q

Define endomysium

A

Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber

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17
Q

Define epimysium

A

thin covering on muscle

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18
Q

Define excitatory potential

A

Clusters of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS

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19
Q

Define ganglia

A

Clusters of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS

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20
Q

Define gap junction

A

Allow molecules to pass directly from cell to cell.

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21
Q

Define generator potential

A

.

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22
Q

Define graded potential

A

a shift in the electrical charge in a tiny area of a neuron

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23
Q

Define mixed nerves

A

NERVES COMPOSED OF BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR FIBERS

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24
Q

Define monosaccharide

A

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

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25
Q

Define motor nerves

A

Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs

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26
Q

Define nerves

A

Bundles of neuron fibers (axons) that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system.

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27
Q

Define nuclei (nervous)

A

.

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28
Q

Define nucleic acid

A

.

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29
Q

Define peroxisomes

A

Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals

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30
Q

Define polysaccharide

A

.

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31
Q

Define postsynaptic potential

A

.

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32
Q

Define protein

A

Amino acids joined together

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33
Q

Define sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane of the muscle fibers

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34
Q

Define sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose

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35
Q

Define the blind spot of eye

A

.

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36
Q

Define the perimysium

A

.

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37
Q

Define tight junctions

A

.

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38
Q

Define tracts

A

a collection of neuron fibers (axons) in the CNS

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39
Q

Define triglyceride

A

3 fatty acids (chains of hydrocarbons) bonded to a glycerol, most fats are eaten and absorbed in this form, carbohydrate

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40
Q

Definition of salts

A

.

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41
Q

Development of cranial bones

A

.

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42
Q

Discuss a decomposition reaction

A

.

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43
Q

Discuss a muscle that is a fixator

A

.

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44
Q

Discuss a muscle that is a synergist

A

.

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45
Q

Discuss a muscle that is an agonist

A

.

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46
Q

Discuss a muscle that is antagonist

A

.

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47
Q

Discuss a synthesis reaction

A

.

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48
Q

Discuss characteristics of neuron

A

.

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49
Q

Discuss characteristics of plasma membrane

A

.

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50
Q

Discuss collagen fibers

A

.

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51
Q

Discuss elastic fibers

A

.

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52
Q

Discuss exchange reaction

A

.

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53
Q

Discuss gouty arthritis

A

Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

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54
Q

Discuss make up of connective tissue

A

.

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55
Q

Discuss mitosis

A

A process of asexual reproduction

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56
Q

Discuss muscle fibers

A

Muscle cell, arranged parallel to each other

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57
Q

Discuss myoglobin

A

An oxygen-storing, pigmented protein in muscle cells.

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58
Q

Discuss osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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59
Q

Discuss parts of synovial joint

A

.

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60
Q

Discuss phagocytosis

A

pacman, process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris

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61
Q

Discuss reticular fibers

A

Fibers found near blood vessels that add strength and support

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62
Q

Discuss reversible reaction

A

.

63
Q

Discuss spastic paralysis

A

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

64
Q

Discuss the make up of sweat

A

Mostly water

65
Q

Discuss the parts of compact bone

A

.

66
Q

Discuss the parts of neuron

A

dendrites, axon hilock, node of ranvier, schwann cell,

67
Q

Discuss the rule of nines

A

.

68
Q

Discuss the steps of tissue repair

A

.

69
Q

Discuss the vascularity of lens and cornea

A

.

70
Q

Divisions of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

71
Q

Examples of colloid solutions

A

.

72
Q

Examples of positive feedback vs. negative feedback

A

.

73
Q

Examples of suspensions

A

muddy water, salad dressing, blood

74
Q

Formation of the optic nerve

A

.

75
Q

Four elements that make up majority of body

A

.

76
Q

Function of abducens nerve

A

Eye movement

77
Q

Function of accessory nerve

A

motor nerve, stimulates trapizius, sternalcladomastoid supplies fibers to layrnx, pharyx, and soft palate

78
Q

Function of apocrine glands

A

Produce sweat

79
Q

Function of ceruminous glands

A

Secrete wax; protect auditory canals

80
Q

Function of chondrocyte

A

Secretes cartilage cells

81
Q

Function of compact bone

A

support, protection and storage of minerals

82
Q

Function of eccrine glands

A

Regulate body temperature

83
Q

Function of interoceptoers

A

monitor conditions in internal environment

84
Q

Function of irregular bone

A

Protection of vertebrai and facial bones; also sound transmission

85
Q

Function of limbic system

A

govern emotion, memory, & motivation

86
Q

Function of mammary gland

A

produce milk to nourish baby

87
Q

Function of microtubules

A

help maintain cell shape, assist in cell motion, control DNA during cell division

88
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Power house. convert energy from nutrients into ATP

89
Q

Function of myofilaments

A

.

90
Q

Function of nociceptors

A

pain receptors detecting tissue damage

91
Q

Function of osteoblast

A

immature bone cell that secrets organic componets of matrix

92
Q

Function of osteoclast

A

break down defective/ excess bone cells

93
Q

Function of osteocyte

A

If an osteoblast becomes surrounded by matrix, it differentiates into an osteocyte…???

94
Q

Function of photoreceptors

A

Respond to light energy

95
Q

Function of proprioceptors

A

respond to degree of stretch of organs they occupy
found in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles
advise brain of ones movements

96
Q

Function of reticular formation (cerebral cortex)

A

RAS reticular activating system
sends impulses to cerebral cortex to keep conscious and alert
filters out repetitive and weak stimuli
motor function
helps control coarse motor movements
vasmtoror, cardia and respiratory centers

97
Q

Function of rods in the eye

A

Vision in dim light

98
Q

Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

to reabsorb calcium ions during relaxation and release them to cause contraction

99
Q

Function of spongy bone

A

support, protection and storage of minerals, shock absorber

100
Q

Function of thalamus

A

relay station for neurons, learning & memory, relay station for neurons, learning & memory

101
Q

.

A

.

102
Q

Function of the sarcomere

A

Muscle contraction

103
Q

Function of trabecular bone

A

support, protect the red bone marrow

104
Q

Function of trigeminal nerve

A

touch, pressure from face, scalp, eyes, teeth & chewing nerve

105
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear

A

Equilibrium and hearing

106
Q

Functions iris

A

regulates the amount of light entering the eye, close vision and bright light–pupils constrict, distant vision and dim light–pupils dilate, changes in emotional state–pupils dilate when matter is appealing or requires problem solving skills.

107
Q

Functions of aqueous humor

A

nourish the avascular lens and corne

108
Q

Functions of bursae

A

cushions muscles, help tendons slide easily over joints

109
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

110
Q

Functions of cochlea

A

houses sensory cells that receive the vibrations caused by soundwaves and turn mechanical stimuli into nerve impulses

111
Q

Functions of cornea

A

Protects, refracts light

112
Q

Functions of enkephalins and endorphins

A

.

113
Q

Functions of epiphyseal line

A

remnant growth plate

114
Q

Functions of epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous, lack a joint cavity

synchondroses–no movement

115
Q

Functions of hypothalamus

A 
regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility, rate and depth of breathing, many other visceral activities
responsible for pleasure fear, rage
maintains normal body temperature
closed head energy
regulates feeling of hunger and satiety
regulates sleep and sleep cycles
116
Q

Functions of lacunae

A

Contains osteocytes

117
Q

Functions of lens

A

separates the internal cavity into anterior and posterior segments

118
Q

Functions of ligaments

A

connects bone to bone, helps form and stabilize joints

119
Q

Functions of limbic association area

A

anger, danger, fear, resolves mental conflict
puts emotional responses to odors, skunk, bad smells
in prefrontal lobes
emotionally to conscious understand
one is consciously aware of emotion in ones life

120
Q

Functions of medulla

A

respiration, blood pressure, heart rate

121
Q

Functions of menisci

A

stability, lubrication, and shock absorption

122
Q

Functions of myofibrils

A

.

123
Q

Functions of posterior association area

A

SNS control; temperature regulation - responds to cold and conserves heat; also involved in fever

124
Q

Functions of prefrontal cortex

A

Body regulation, emotional balance, response, flexibility, empathy awareness, fear, intuition

125
Q

Functions of primary somatosensory cortex

A

visual auditory areas

olfactory, gustatory, vestiblular cortices

126
Q

Functions of semicircular canals

A

.

127
Q

Functions of skeletal system

A

.

128
Q

Functions of somatosensory association cortex

A

Support, protect softer tissues, produce blood cells, storage of minerals and adipose, permit movement

129
Q

Functions of T tubules

A

to carry current from cell surface to interior release of internal calcium stores

130
Q

Functions of tendons

A

flexion or extension of joint

131
Q

Functions of thalamus

A

relay info for motor activity from cerebellum to cerebrum

132
Q

Functions of the autonomic nervous system

A

regulates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and many glands and organs

133
Q

Functions of the diaphysis

A

Controls breathing

134
Q

Functions of tympanic membrane

A

receives impact of wave sounds and tranmits the vibrations to the ossicles

135
Q

Functions of vestibule (ear)

A

Hearing and balance

136
Q

Hormone influence of bone growth

A

.

137
Q

If you stretch muscles beyond normal

A

.

138
Q

Ions necessary for nerve impulses

A

.

139
Q

Levels of pH

A

Acid or alkaline level. Acid 0-6, Neutral 7, Base 8-14, Your blood is slightly alkaline, with a pH between 7.35 and 7.45.

140
Q

Location of gustatory cells

A

Parietal

141
Q

Location of myosin

A

thick filaments are in the A band

142
Q

Location of optic disc

A

Nasal side of the retina.

143
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

uterine tubes, bronchial, digestive tract, small intes; stomach

144
Q

Location of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

A

kidney tubules and glands

145
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

lungs, capillaries, lining of blood, and lymph vessels

146
Q

Location of simple transitional epithelial tissue

A

stretches to permit the distention of urinary bladder

lines stomach, ureters, ovary, urethra

147
Q

Locations of taste buds

A

Locations of taste buds they are found in the papillae. At edges of tongue.

148
Q

Locations of white matter vs. gray matter

A

Outer layer in spinal cord, inner layer in brain

149
Q

Most abundant substance in the body

A

Water

150
Q

Pyruvic acid is converted to what

A

Carbohydrates

151
Q

Role of acetylcholine

A

Cause muscle contraction, ACh

152
Q

Role of cerebrum

A

interprets signals from your body and forms responses such as hunger, thirst, emotions, motion, pain.

153
Q

Role of cholinesterase

A

enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine into acetic acid choline.

154
Q

Role of ependymal cells

A

responsible for production, circulation and monitoring of cerebral spinal fluid

155
Q

Role of gamma aminobutyric acid

A

reduce the activity of the neurons to which it binds.

156
Q

Role of microglia

A

phagocytic cells that remove debris and pathogens

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