102 Anatomy Flashcards
What are four main concepts of blood clotting?
Platelets, clotting factors, fibrin, and other cells
What is the job of platelets during clotting?
Stick and act as a plug
What is the job of clotting factors during clotting?
float by the tear and add onto the injury and web itself together, “like glue” to make the clot reinforce
What is the job of fibrin in clotting?
is also the web factor to create a stronger clot
What is the job of other cells during clotting?
reinforce and pull the clot together and make it stronger
What happens when the body no longer needs the clot?
the body naturally dissolves it
Define Tissue Deformation
Tissue is overloaded and tears
Define Macro trauma
acute, one time force of sufficient intensity and duration to cause injury(stress applied exceeds tissue tolerance limits)
What is ligament laxity?
loose or relaxed ligament
Define Micro trauma
from repetitive stress being applied to a tissue over time, may not cause damage first hit but over time cant handle, results in acute inflammatory phase, worse situation=chronic condition
Define a dynamic overload
most common injury for bone, lig., tendon, muscle, over load can result in acceleration or deceleration injury
define acceleration
body parts are stationary or moving slower than force
What is an example of acceleration?
Whiplash
Define Deceleration
tearing the anterior cruciate ligaments(stopping and going in different directions)
What are the two types of healing?
Repair & Regeneration
Which type of healing is more popular?
Repair
Define Regeneration
production of new tissues structurally and functionally identified to normal tissue(ideal healing)
Define Repair
replacement of lost damaged cells( scar tissue)
Where do Vasoactive mediators come from?
plasma&damaged cells
What are some examples of vasoactive mediators?
platelets, leukocytes, mast cells
What are the main causes of the soft tissue inflammatory response?
platelets, leukocytes, mast cells
What can the inflammatory responses look like?
redness, heat, swelling, color, pain, muscle spasm, dysfunction
What are bradykinin, histamine, and prostaglandins in charge of?
sensitize pain receptors to make pain decrease(lower pain threshold)
What do leukocytes do?
Migratory WBC’s, clean the wound
What do the macrophages and granulocytes do?
debride the injured area of necrotic tissue, debris& foreign material within 24hr an continue acting for 2-5 days
Why are the macrophages the central healing process?
Produce growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that modulate inflammation response
during the early inflammatory phase what cleans the wound site?
neutrophils, macrophages, and leukocytes
What process does neutrophils, macrophages, and leukocytes go through during inflammatory?
phagocytosis, destroying bacteria, denatured matrix, and damaged cells( after wound cleaned goes to next phase)
What is scar formation called?
fibroplasia
How long does scar tissue last?
4-6 weeks or longer
Capillaries=more blood supply=increase oxygen=nutrients=healing
Keep up the good work!
What contributes to a extracellular matrix during synthesis in a wound site?
collagen protein fiber, elastin, glycosaminoglycan’s and fluid
What does hypertrophic scarring consist of?
normal scarring but with ecessie scarring and appears stretched
Define Keloid scarring
overgrown, dense, fibrous tissue that spreads beyond wound margin(broad dull pink)
What does S.A.I.D stand for?
specific adaptation imposed demand
Primary intension
immediate suturing wound edges
secondary intension
wound is allowed to heal itself with no suturing
True or False, Does aging weaken the microcirculation and slow the metabolic rate?
True
What is the main source of energy in healing?
glucose
How long does the inflammatory phase last?
1-10 days
How long does the proliferative phase last?
7-21 days
How long does the remodelling phase last?
14 days-years
What are the 4 phases of wound healing?
haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodelling
