102 微生物(二) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. 細菌的特點有哪些?
A

由單細胞組成、種類繁多、生長繁殖快、適應力強、廣泛分佈於自然環境中

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2
Q
  1. 細菌的多形性如何影響其生存?
A

提高生存機會

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3
Q
  1. 細菌識別的步驟有哪些?
A

接種、培養、分離、檢驗、鑑定

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4
Q
  1. 革蘭氏染色法的主要染劑有哪些?
A

結晶紫染液、革蘭氏碘液、番紅染液

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5
Q
  1. 根據細胞壁的不同,細菌可分為哪兩類?
A

革蘭氏陽性菌(紫色)、革蘭氏陰性菌(紅色)

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6
Q
  1. 嗜冷菌的最適生長溫度範圍是多少?
A

10°C - 20°C

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7
Q
  1. 嗜熱菌的最適生長溫度範圍是多少?
A

56°C - 60°C

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8
Q
  1. 嗜酸菌最合適生長的環境是什麼?
A

酸性環境

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9
Q
  1. 細菌的最常用繁殖方法是什麼?
A

無性繁殖二分裂法

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10
Q
  1. 細菌致病性的特殊構造有哪些?
A

夾膜、菌毛、細菌孢子

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11
Q
  1. 抗菌素耐藥性是如何產生的?
A

基因突變、接合、轉化、轉導

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12
Q
  1. 抗菌素耐藥性對治療的影響是什麼?
A

減低藥效、治療變得困難、昂貴,增加死亡風險

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13
Q
  1. 病毒的結構包含哪些部分?
A

病毒基因組(DNA/RNA)、衣殼、包膜、刺突

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14
Q
  1. 病毒如何繁殖?
A

依賴宿主細胞製造病毒所需的蛋白質

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15
Q
  1. 病毒繁殖的主要步驟有哪些?
A

吸附、進入、去殼、生物合成、組裝、釋放

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16
Q
  1. DNA 病毒的四大類別有哪些?
A

痘病毒、疱疹病毒、腺病毒、人類乳突病毒

17
Q
  1. 流行性感冒病毒的結構特徵是什麼?
A

血球凝集素和神經氨酸酶

18
Q
  1. RNA 病毒如何感染宿主細胞?
A

將 RNA 逆轉錄為 DNA,插入宿主基因組

19
Q
  1. 念珠菌在何種環境中會大量增加?
A

悶熱潮濕環境

20
Q
  1. 念珠菌引起的不適有哪些?
A

鵝口瘡、女陰陰道炎、肺部感染、嬰兒尿布疹

21
Q
  1. 絛蟲主要分為哪兩類?
A

無鈎絛蟲、有鈎絛蟲

22
Q
  1. 朊病毒的特徵是什麼?
A

不含核酸的傳染性蛋白質