1.01B Human Development Flashcards
4 dimensions of organization
biological
psychological
social
spiritual
Subject of medicine
Man
Emphasis is placed on the primacy of human experiences as shapers of behavior and wiring of the brain
Psychodynamic approach
Basic principles of the psychodynamic approach
1) value of subjective experiences and their meaning
2) unconscious effects behavior
3) transference
4) experiences of infancy and childhood effect behavior
The relationship with someone, something, a force bigger than oneself
spirituality
Optimal environment for growth and development
1) stable
2) predictable events
3) with adults who can provide basic needs
Basic needs for children
1) food, clothing, shelter
2) protection from internal and external danger
3) 3As: affection, acceptance, approval
4) 2Ds: discipline and demands
5) new experiences that excite the mind and neurons
‘Animated’ objects for safety when one moves from primary caregiver
Transitional objects
The belief that what one thinks can make things happen
Magical thinking
Restructuring of the brain to be more efficient, less energy consuming and more adaptive to a given environment
synaptic pruning
Different conceptual models for human development
Biological Sociocultural Psychological Psychodynamic Spiritual Biopsychosocial
Two components of the biological model
Structures
Functions
Model that puts emphasis on the growing circle of relationships
Sociocultural model
Model that emphasizes the growth of the mind, characteristic ways of feeling, thinking and remembering, perception
relating to the world of ideas
Psychological model
A group of unconscious functions of the ego that temporarily displace discomforts to help people move on
Defense mechanisms
The process by which emotions associated with one person unconsciously shift to another
Transference
Additional model created in order to integrate the three important aspects of life without leaving out anything
BioPsychoSocial Model
Model in which physicians consider higher level systems simultaneously with lower level systems that make up the person and the person’s environment
Biopsychosocial model
Biological influences of the Biopsychosocial model
1) Genetics, postnatal illness, maturation
2) Can affect growth and development through changes in nutrition, parenting or peer interaction
3) Hormones, etc, cause change of behavior
Psychological influences on the biopsychosocial model
1) relies mostly on attachment and contingent responses
2) disorders, etc.
Social influences on the biopsychosocial model
1) social relationships
2) culture, values, mores
Something goes wrong with structures/ functions of the body
Disease
Something goes wrong in functions of the mind
Disorder
Erikson’s Stages of the Life Cycle
Trust vs Mistrust (0-1.5) Autonomy vs Shame (1.5-3) Initiative vs Guilt (3-6) Industry vs Inferiority (6-12) Identity vs Role diffusion (12-21) Intimacy vs Isolation (21-40) Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65) Integrity vs Despair
Phases of attachment development (Bowlby)
Birth-2mo indiscriminate response
2-7mo discriminating sociability
7-30mo intentional focused attachment
Informal teaching stage that has remarkable physical and emotional growth, language development and awareness of the body
Pre school age
triangulated relationship with wanting exclusive attention from the opposite sex parent
oedipal complex/ elektra complex
Outcomes of Oedipal Complex
Superego formation
Gender role
Stage wherein one enters the community and finds new roles.
Also a time of cognitive, physical, social and moral growth.
School age
Awkward period between onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status
Adolescence
Hormonal secretions cause change in the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis
Puberty
Marked by activated sexually matured body and immature neurobehavioral systems
Adolescence
Progressive thickening of the insulation on the neurons
Myelination Process
Area of the brain wherein working memory and executive function occur
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
