10.1 Species and taxonomy Flashcards
What is a species?
a group of similar organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
what parts of the classification system are used to name a species?
Genus, species
How do we name species?
Using the binomial system
What are the rules of the binomial system?
- italics or underlined if hand written
- first letter of first name uppercase
- first letter of second name lowercase
list the benefits to the species that result from courtship behaviour
prevents mating with a different species.
allows members of the same species to know when others are ready to mate
recognising members of their own species capable of breeding
formation of a pair bond
synchronize mating (when a female is a season)
some species adapt their physiological state in order to allow them to breed
Why is it important for species to be able to recognise their own species with courtship?
So they can produce fertile offspring
Why is it important to synchronise mating?
So that mating takes place when most fertile and there is maximum probability of sperm and egg meeting
What is artificial classification?
divides organisms based on differences useful at the time eg. wings
What is phylogenetic classification?
Classifies species into groups based on evolutionary relationships between organisms and ancestors
What are the three domains?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
What is taxonomy?
theory and practise of biological classification
What is classification?
Grouping organisms together
what does it mean for a classification characteristic to be analogous, why is it often not helpful to use them?
analogous characteristics develop independently as adaptations to a common function/need e.g. flying
does not necessarily identify species from same evolutionary line
List the features that make up the bacteria domain
no membrane bound organelles
unicellular
ribosomes are smaller compared to eukaryotic cells
cell walls present and made up of muerin
single loop of naked DNA, no histones associated
List the features that make up the archaea domain
Genes and protein synthesis more similar to eukaryotes
cell walls do not contain muerin
complex form of RNA polymerase
membranes contain fatty acid chains and glycerol attached by ester linkages
used to be classified as bacteria however a number of important differences allowed them to have their own domain
List the features that make up the eukarya domain
cells contain membrane bound organelles
membranes contain fatty acid chains and glycerol attached by ester linkages
not all have a cell wall, but if they do muerin is not present
ribosomes are larger than bacteria and archaea
divided then into 4 kingdoms.
- animals
- plantae
- fungi
- protista
define biodiversity
general term used to describe variety in the living world
define species diversity
the number of different species and the number of individuals species of each species within the community
Define genetic diversity
The variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up a population of a species
Define ecosystem diversity
the range of different habitats, from a small local habitat to the whole earth
What are the taxonomic ranks (hierarchy of classification) in order?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
what is species richness a measure of?
the number of different species in a community
