1.01 Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 1

The science of drugs

Question 2

What is a drug?

Answer 2

A natural product, chemical substance, or pharmaceutical preparation to be used in the diagnosis or treatment of disease.

Question 3

What are the three major types of bonds or chemical forces that drugs utilize to interact with receptors?

Answer 3

Covalent, electrostatic, hydrophobic

Question 4

Drug varies in terms of?

Answer 4

molecular size, shape, and chemical nature

Question 5

Explain the action of drug by virtue of molecular size.

Answer 5

Smaller molecular size - faster absorption

Larger molecular size - slower absorption, give the drug parenterally

Question 6

Explain the action of drug by virtue of shape.

Answer 6

Shape of drug must be complementary to the receptor - induced fit.

conformational changes possible to produce induced fit

Question 7

Explain the action of drug by virtue of chemical nature.

Answer 7

Drugs could be weak acids or weak bases.

Question 8

Examples of weak acids

Answer 8

aspirin (ASA), anti-epileptic (phenytoin and phenobarbital), antibiotics (amox and ampicillin)

Question 9

Examples of weak bases

Answer 9

antacids, opioid analgesics

Question 10

What is a prototype drug?

Answer 10

A drug that typifies the most important characteristics of the class/group of drugs

Question 11

Prototype drug for H2 blockers

Answer 11

cimetidine

Question 12

Prototype drug for proton pump inhibitor

Answer 12

omeprazole

Question 13

Prototype drug for beta-lactam or antibiotics

Answer 13

penicillin

Question 14

Prototype drug for fluoroquinolones or antibacterial

Answer 14

nalidixic acid

Question 15

Prototype drug for diuretics

Answer 15

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 16

Prototype drug for beta blockers for hypertension

Answer 16

propranolol

Question 17

What are H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors for?

Answer 17

Peptic diseases such as GERD and peptic ulcer disease

Question 18

What name refers to the chemical structure of the drug?

Answer 18

Chemical name

Question 19

What name refers to the generic name?

Answer 19

Nonproprietary name

Question 20

What name refers to the trade name or the brand name?

Answer 20

Proprietary name

Question 21

Give the three ways of administering drug.

Answer 21

Enteral - oral
Parenteral - intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous
Inhalational

Question 22

Which is the safest and most convenient form of drug administration?

Answer 22

oral

Question 23

Which is the fastest form of drug administration

Answer 23

intravenous

Question 24

Why should drugs be administered orally first (if available) before doing an IV?

Answer 24

Because the patient may have high toxicity of the drug and it would be difficult to reverse.