1.01 Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
What is Pharmacology?
The science of drugs
What is a drug?
A natural product, chemical substance, or pharmaceutical preparation to be used in the diagnosis or treatment of disease.
What are the three major types of bonds or chemical forces that drugs utilize to interact with receptors?
Covalent, electrostatic, hydrophobic
Drug varies in terms of?
molecular size, shape, and chemical nature
Explain the action of drug by virtue of molecular size.
Smaller molecular size - faster absorption
Larger molecular size - slower absorption, give the drug parenterally
Explain the action of drug by virtue of shape.
Shape of drug must be complementary to the receptor - induced fit.
conformational changes possible to produce induced fit
Explain the action of drug by virtue of chemical nature.
Drugs could be weak acids or weak bases.
Examples of weak acids
aspirin (ASA), anti-epileptic (phenytoin and phenobarbital), antibiotics (amox and ampicillin)
Examples of weak bases
antacids, opioid analgesics
What is a prototype drug?
A drug that typifies the most important characteristics of the class/group of drugs
Prototype drug for H2 blockers
cimetidine
Prototype drug for proton pump inhibitor
omeprazole
Prototype drug for beta-lactam or antibiotics
penicillin
Prototype drug for fluoroquinolones or antibacterial
nalidixic acid
Prototype drug for diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide
Prototype drug for beta blockers for hypertension
propranolol
What are H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors for?
Peptic diseases such as GERD and peptic ulcer disease
What name refers to the chemical structure of the drug?
Chemical name
What name refers to the generic name?
Nonproprietary name
What name refers to the trade name or the brand name?
Proprietary name
Give the three ways of administering drug.
Enteral - oral
Parenteral - intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous
Inhalational
Which is the safest and most convenient form of drug administration?
oral
Which is the fastest form of drug administration
intravenous
Why should drugs be administered orally first (if available) before doing an IV?
Because the patient may have high toxicity of the drug and it would be difficult to reverse.
