101~200 Flashcards

Question

Brute [bro͞ot]

Answer 1

characterized by an absence of reasoning or intelligence (Eg> It is no good being like the lion all the time, acting simply by brute force, as that will leave you at risk of falling into a trap.)

Answer 2

clever at achieving what they want, especially by tricking people (Eg> Nor can you just be a wily fox)

Answer 3

easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other people say (Eg> Fortunately, people are gullible.)

Answer 4

to trick someone into believing something that is not true (Eg> They are taken in by appearance.)

Answer 5

to give support, strength, or a basic structure to something (Eg> it underpins his whole account of how he thought society ought to be structured.)

Answer 6

someone who is obsessed with exercise and keeping himself or herself fit. (Eg> What’s less well known is that he was also an early finess fanatic.)

Answer 7

to walk somewhere quickly with long steps (Eg> He would go out for a long walk every morning, striding quickly up hills so as to get out of breath.)

Answer 8

a container for ink (Eg> In case he had any good ideas while out he had a special stick made with an inkwell in the handle.)

Answer 9

(of hair, threads, smoke, etc.) fine; feathery (Eg> This tall, red-faced, cheerful man with a mustache and a little wispy.)

Answer 10

the range or distance over which one can hear or be heard (Eg> the range or distance over which one can hear or be heard)

Answer 11

friendly and pleasant (Eg> Despite his genial character, Hobbes, like Machiavelli, had a low view of human beings.)

Answer 12

rough, unpleasant, and often violent (Eg> In Hobbes’ memorable description, life outside society would be ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short’.)

Answer 13

in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country (Eg> The solution, Hobbes argued, was to put some powerful individual or parliament in charge.)

Answer 14

a king or queen (Eg> Without what he called a ‘sovereign’, life would be a kind of hell.

Answer 15

to force someone to experience something very unpleasant (Eg> This sovereign would be given the right to inflict severe punishment on anyone who stepped out of line.)

Answer 16

of the nature of a nightmare; very frightening or unpleasant (Eg> ~the steps needed to move from these nightmarish situation of the state of nature to a secure society in which life is bearable.)

Answer 17

a decorated stick that is carried by a queen or king during some official ceremonies as a symbol of their authority

Answer 18

to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received (Eg> ~, a promise to let a sovereign impose laws on them.)

Answer 19

to have more money than you had in the past or more money than most other people (Eg> They'd be better off with a powerful authority in charge than all fighting each other.)

Answer 20

the organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby develops before birth (Eg> Hobbes had lived through dangerous times, even in the womb.

Answer 21

a situation in which there is no organization and control, especially in society, because there is no effective government (Eg> ~, but the real fear that England could easily descend into anarchy haunted his later writing.)

Answer 22

to cause repeated suffering or anxiety (Eg> ~, but the real fear that England could easily descend into anarchy haunted his later writing.)

Answer 23

a system of springs and wheels that you wind (= turn) with a key or handle to make some clocks, toys, and other devices operate (Eg> Clockwork mechanisms were the most advanced technology in the seventeenth century.)

Answer 24

to sit or lie in a position with your arms and legs close to your body [Eg> ~but in reality you were still curled up under the duvet snoring away.)

Answer 25

a large, soft, flat bag filled with feathers or artificial material used as a covering on a bed

Answer 26

(Noun: 좌표) [koʊˈɔːr.dən.ət] one of a pair of numbers and/or letters that show the exact position of a point on a map or graph (Eg> He was an outstanding mathematician, perhaps best known now for inventing ‘Cartesian co-ordinates’-~) ; (verb) [koʊˈɔːr.dən.eɪt]: to make many different things work effectively as a whole

Answer 27

used when something is said to be true but has not been proved (Eg> ~allegedly after watching a fly walking across the ceiling and wondering~)

Answer 28

to lie or lean on something, or to put something on something else so that its weight is supported (Eg> His reputation as a philosopher rests largely in his Meditations~)

Answer 29

to do or deal with something that one has not yet done or dealt with (Eg> ~;he also liked asking awkward questions, questions which other people didn’t get round to asking.)

Answer 30

covered with mold (Eg> In sack you know there are some mouldy apples, but you’re not sure which ones they are.)

Answer 31

to begin to do something or deal with something (Eg> How would you go about achieving that result?)

Answer 32

a hold for the feet ; a position usable as a base for further advance (Eg> That would be enough to give him a foothold on reality.)

Answer 33

a small area of the sea or other water in which there is a powerful, circular current of water that can pull objects down into its centre

Answer 34

not able to be punished or damaged by something (Eg> ~; whereas Descartes wanted to show that some beliefs are immune from even the strongest forms of skepticism.)

Answer 35

evil and cruel (Eg> He says, imagine there is a demon who is incredibly powerful and clever, but also fiendish.)

Answer 36

prove a statement or theory to be wrong or false; disprove (Eg> That thought would be self-refuting.)

Answer 37

make someone feel annoyed, frustrated, or worried, especially with trivial matters (Eg> This question of what makes someone the same person over time is one that vexed the English philosopher John Locke.)

Answer 38

to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear (Eg> In the aftermath of the English Civil War, he fled to Netherlands~)

Answer 39

to charge with a fault or offense (Eg> ~when accused of plotting to murder the newly restored king, Charles2.)

Answer 40

the period in 17th-century English history when Charles II was king after a long period of no king or queen on the throne (Eg> the newly restored king)

Answer 41

very thin, especially because of sickness or hunger (Eg> In midlife he was a gaunt, intense-looking figure with long straggly hair.)

Answer 42

spread out or scattered irregularly (Eg> his straggly dark hair)

Answer 43

a fine-grained gray, green, or bluish metamorphic rock easily split into smooth, flat pieces (Eg> One of Locke’s beliefs eas that the mind of a newborn is like a blank slate.)

Answer 44

a young tree (Eg> Is the acorn the same plant as the sapling and the sapling the same plant as the huge oak?)

Answer 45

a person who repairs shoes (Eg> To illustrate this he imagined a prince waking up with a cobbler’s memories;~)

Answer 46

a piece of land planted with fruit trees (Eg> ~he had been hit when as a boy he’d stolen apples from an orchard.)

Answer 47

an act involving some danger, risk, or excitement, because it is different from usual or expected behaviour (Eg> because he could remember his orchard escapade.)

Answer 48

to quickly make a piece of equipment from any materials you can find (Eg> Perhaps you could rig up a remote camera.)

Answer 49

a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body; a widespread reaction of interest and excitement (Eg> It’s just that for Berkeley what we call a stone is nothing more than the sensation it gives rise to.)

Answer 50

a set of materials or equipment designed for a particular use (Eg> It is produced by a combination of features of the elephant and features of our sensory apparatus, in the case the eye.)

Answer 51

so small as to be visible only with a microscope (Eg> sensations of colour, Locke believed, come from the interaction between the microscopic textures of objects and our visual system.)

Answer 52

a long pole with a wide, flat part at one end, used for rowing a boat

Answer 53

an illness, typically a minor one (Eg> ~and may even have worked as a cure for minor ailments ~)

Answer 54

kills germs and harmful bacteria (Eg> ~since it does have mild antiseptic properties~)

Answer 55

become popular (Eg> Berkeley’s idealism hasn’t caught on either.)

Answer 56

the coloured circular part of that eye that surrounds the black pupil (Eg> It has a lens that focuses the image, an iris that adapts to changing light, and eyelids and eyelashes to protect it.)

Answer 57

to turn around a central point so that it is facing in a different direction (Eg> If you look to one side, the eyeball swivels in its socket.)

Answer 58

the cavity in the skull which encloses an eyeball with its surrounding muscles (Eg> If you look to one side, the eyeball swivels in its socket.)

Answer 59

to climb up, across, or into somewhere with difficulty, using the hands and the feet (Eg> You clamber over the tumbled remains of a palace with walls, stairs, pathways and courtyards.)

Answer 60

having fallen or collapsed (Eg> the tumbled bricks of the city's fallen walls)

Answer 61

a wheel with cogs

Answer 62

the smallest kind of living creature. Amoebae consist of only one cell, and are found in water or soil (Eg> Well then, think of nature: trees, flowers, mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, even amoeba.)

Answer 63

shaped like a sphere (~whether it is cube-shaped or spherical,~)

Answer 64

(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable (Eg> Hume’s view was that there were always more plausible explanations of what was going on.)

Answer 65

someone who does not know, or believes that it is impossible to know, if a god exists (Eg> On the basis of this, some philosophers think he was an agnostic.)

Answer 66

the bed that someone dies in or is dying in (Eg> ~he wasn’t about to have a deathbed conversion.)

Answer 67

the adoption of a particular religious faith shortly before dying

Answer 68

a person or thing living or existing at the same time as another (Eg> Hume had many brilliant contemporaries, many of whom he knew personally.)

Answer 69

a sudden, short period of noise, confusion, or excited movement (Eg> ~caused the sort of commotion and crowds that a famous pop star would today.)

Answer 70

different from what is usual or from the way most people do things (Eg> By this time the Catholic Church had banned several of his books because they contained unconventional religious ideas.)

Answer 71

someone who tries to cause or take part in a revolution (Eg> It’s no surprise that revolutionaries learnt these words by heart.)

Answer 72

friendship and loyalty (Eg> They wanted true freedom together with equality and brotherhood.)

Answer 73

a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people (Eg> It’s unlikely, though, that Rousseau, who had died a decade before, would have approved of Robespierre sending his enemies to the guillotine in a reign of terror.)

Answer 74

the period of time when a king or queen rules a country (Eg> the reign of Henry VIII)

Answer 75

the cost or process of keeping something, such as a building, in good condition (Eg> If we accept that many services, such as the upkeep of roads, need to be paid for from taxation~)

Answer 76

to happen at or near the same time (Eg> Your wishes should coincide with what is best for all, and laws should help you to avoid acting selfishly.)