101-150 Flashcards
Most woody plants are propagated by ______.
Cuttings
When studying insects that affect our gardens, crops, and goods, agriculture we must first learn..
how to identify the insects
Biological and chemical controls of harmful insects are closely tied to…
where, when, and how insects develop
Many chemical insecticides were developed after…
World war one
Many beneficial insects need to be _____ when it is economically feasible.
protected and promoted
Insects, like all other plants and animals, are classified by…
binomial nomenclature
Insects are grouped based on similarities and types of development. An example would be…
type of legs, mouthparts, absence or presence of wings
Mouthparts, wings and type of metamorphosis are characteristics used to….
Identify an insect
Names of insects end with -idae. An example is Aphidae.
Family
The names of most insect orders have the ending -petra, which means…
The insect possess wings in the adult stage
_______ names refer to large groups rather than individual species.
Common
Insects are in the class insecta becasue they possess the following characteristics…
three body regions, three pairs of jointed legs, one pair of antennae and one or two pairs of wings
There are three regions of an insects body, which of the following is NOT correct?
Wings
Piecing-sucking, lapping, and sponging are all examples of…
Mouthparts
This part of an insects body is mostly membranous and has a frame work of veins.
Antennae
The most important characteristic for the insects is the presence of three…
Pairs of jointed legs
Insects use this to feel their way, detect danger, locate their food find their mates and in some cases to communicate.
Antennae
The term “metamorphosis” literally means a change in ______.
form
This part of an insect has a great deal of variation and can be used fro identification.
Wings
A newly emerged insect feeds ravenously, but the extent of its growth is restricted by ___.
Rigid exoskeleton
The process of an insect shedding its outer skin is called ________.
Molting
Gradual metamorphosis includes which of the following stages of development?
Egg, nymph, adult
Complete metamorphosis includes which of the following stages of development?
Egg, larvae,pupa, adult
During simple metamorphosis each development stage is called ____.
instar
Of the 80,000+ diseases that attack plants in the U.S., over 30,000 attack crops that are ____.
Economic importance
The vegetative structure of a fungus is made of thread-like material known as
mycelium
Fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are 4 major groups of plant parasitic organisms which cause
plant disease
There are ____ types of plant diseases.
two
Nematodes that insert a spear-like mouth part into the root tissue, inject a chemical substance then withdraw plant material as it feeds to belong to a group called ____.
Nematodes
Bread mold is a ____ which produces a thread-like vegetative structures.
Fungus
Nematodes that feed by completely entering the plant root are called ____.
Endoparasites
Scorch is a _____.
Burning of leaf margins as a result of infection or unfavorable environmental conditions.
Witches broom is a ______.
Broom like growth or massed proliferation caused by the dense clustering of branches in woody plants.
Bacteria cells may divide every _____.
20-30 minutes
Beneficial fungi are called ____.
Saprophytes
Fungi most commonly reproduce ______.
Asexually
Nutrient deficiencies, lack of or excess soil moisture, too low or too high temperatures are all examples of ______ plant diseases.
Non-pathogenic
A parasite or an organism that attacks a plant can be referred to as a _____.
Pathogenic
A susceptible host, a parasitic organism, environmental conditions are three factors always present for a _______ disease.
Pathogenic
A fungus is a multi-cellular organism which has NO roots, stems, or leaves and ______.
Cannot make its own food
The formation of spores, sclerotia, and mycelia fragments refer to the process of
fungi reproduction
______, a common disease in ornamental plants which causes the damping off of young vegetable plants is spread by mycelia fragments.
Rhizoctania
These structures can remain viable in the soil for several years until a susceptible crop is planted. They form when the mycelium of some fungi become hard.
Sclerotia
Fungi that form in swimming spores thrive in low, wet areas and cause diseases such as root rot. These types of fungi are known as _____.
Phycomycetes
This is an advanced group of fungi. They produce spores on special structures inside plant tissue.
Ascomycetes
Practically all types of fungi produce their asexual spore on exposed stalks called and resemble a small plant with fruit hanging on it.
Conidiophores
Inoculation, penetration, infection, incubation, invasion, reproduction, over wintering are stages in the life cycle of a ______.
Fungus
Direct penetration, penetration through stomates or through wounds is necessary in order for ____ to occur.
Infection
______ are spread by blowing rain, insects, humans and inside seeds.
Bacteria
Symptoms of this include mottled or puckered leaves streaks on leaves and at times distorted fruit.
Virus
