100 year war Flashcards
The 100 year war (main people)
England and France
France during 100 yr war
Paris:
- was 100,000 people
- no sewer system
- 3 public walls
- The Gibbet: Hung bodies of Criminals
- Paris was on the verge of starvation, bc they had to import food
- people outside of Paris did not have much attachment to king –> more attachment to local towns
- not united
England during 100yr war
- all outsiders are a threat
- United
- smaller pop, better climate, fewer starvation
- London was 40, 000 people
similarities between England and France (100 yr war)
- 90% of population in both cities were peasants
- Life expectancy was 30 years
- Women would have 15 kids cause 8 would die In childhood
-If lucky lived till 50, 60 - Peasants lived in a hut
- live in one room with family
- Other room were for cows, sheep etc. cause if they wander off you die
- Would eat bread and ale for every meal
Politics 100 yr war
●Marriage was about power - Girl could marry and have sex at age 12
●Ruling and War was about money
●French king had to beg servants for money - Reduced power of king
The Norman Invasion of England 1066 (100 yr war)
- William, Duke of Normandy becomes King William I of England
- Servant of French King, English King himself○If countries went at war he would be at war with himself
- Half of France territory becomes ruled by English
- 1329 king died no direct heirs
- Cousin Philip of Valois and Isabella of France can claim crown
- Philip becomes king Philip of France
- Now its King Philip of France and King Edward of England
- Biggest army is 50,000 soldiers in France
- English have 10,000
- Soldiers serve for 40 days
- Only cargo and fishing ships available to fight
Fighting during 100yr war
Fighting is not constant (Ocassional)
Things they did
- Fighting 2%
- Trying to raise money 44%
- Negotiating with possible allies 42%
- Arguing with each other 12%
Phase 1 (100yr war) 1337-1360
- The Battle of Sluys 1340 : Philip wants to kick out the English from France
- The battle of Crecy: The siege of Calais○English take over the city of Calais
- The battle of Poitiers: Endures French defeat
- The english won in all
The Treaty of Bretigny 1360
- after phase 1 of 100yrs war
- England takes some of France land
The bubonic Plague
- enters human body through fleas
- Get violent chest pains, throat and lungs swell, coughing up blood●Most died within 3 days●Cecile lost 30% of population●Venice lost 60% of population●Gov. runs out of money●No crops●Fewer soldiers
100 yr war phase 2 1369-1396
- French decide to go back on their promises
- Back to war
- Neither could afford the same kind of war
- French could not afford embarrassment
- English target French civilians
100 yr war Phase 3: 1415-1453
The battle of Agincourt 1415:
- New king of England sent biggest English army to French
- French are crushed at Agincourt
The treaty of Troyes 1420
- England gets to keep everything In the north around Paris
- When current French king died the king of England becomes French king too
- The both kings die, New king of france says no to treaty and keeps the throan
- English loses all new territories
100 yr war The fall of Bordeaux 1453
- French capture Bordeaux
- Defeat english power
- English win all major battles but lose the whole war
King phillip
- French king at the beginning of the 100 years war
- avoids eng at start, lords convince him he cant wait forever
Crecy 1346
- English find good ground where french cant go around and have to funnel into narrow area
- hill + rain = french cant climb
- wet crossbow string = less effective, longbow string can be changed easily
- crossbowman way out of range, longbowman in range
- french have a frightful slaughter
- many french killed, army destroyed
- Eng like 50 killed
Potier
French king John
English King Black Prince
- English start by looting and pillaging again
- eng find good ground again –> battlefield looks very simlar (funneled in)
- french have 20,000, eng have 5,000
- stunning english victory
- french king and son + dukes, bishop captured
- french looses most people that are in charge
Agincourt
- Henry the 5th (english)
- eng wander around and pick battle field that looks similar to the other ones they have picked
-french loose badly
Lessons from Agincourt, Potier and Crecy
- group discipline beats indvidual bravery
- there is no connection between social status and military abilty
- the days of mounted knights were over
- fight from a distance when you can
- leadership = control (french king never had control)
- professional in, ametur out
The chevauchee
- start in one safe place, loot and burn till another safe place
- armies need lots of food, carrying, asking and offering to pay doesnt work –> take/steal
- good way to raise money – take money, hold important people for ransom
- raises money + takes money from other side
- psycolgical weapon – shows your side has all the strength
Black prince
- outstanding commander 100 yrs war
- major win at battle of potiers
- famosly had/did chevauchee before battle
Seiges
- surround city, cut of supplies till they submit
- also dangerous for attackers - vaunrable to disease, soilders get bored
- line between soilder and civillan less clear –> if u support the city you are same (they somtimes let civillans go free tho)
Seige of Rouen 1418-1419
- food runs out, start eating dogs, cats mice etc…
- release elderly.. but they were stuck in no mans land between ditches and the wall
- city fell.. final straw king not coming (they thought king would come help them)
- violence at survivors (slaughters etc..)
King Charles
- crowned at reims in 1429
- was daupahin
- disagreement w Joan of Arc
end of War
- 1453
- people didnt know it was the end they just knew it was the end of another act/phase
- half hearted failed eng missions to france
- fall of Calais (the last island left in eng power) 1568, divisive french victory
- aftermath is an eng civil war
new national visions after war
- new identity and nationalism.. more than just Europeans
- “die for country”, “mother france”
new balence of power after war
- confirmed britsh isolation from contient (seprated them from europeans)
- what are they gonna do… become sea power (pickup terrirtories around world)
- confimred frances power on continent
- france and england enemies for centuries
- eng/french still have healthy dislike of one another
