100 on this, 100 on test ;) Flashcards
Who were the suffragists?
Women’s suffrage societies – groups who campaigned for the right to vote
What caused WW1? Nationalism, Imperialism and Militarism
Imperialism defenition: the practice of extending power and domination
Nationalism: Pride for their own country made people willing to fight for their country’s honour and prove that they were the best. As lands became less available, arguments began to develop about the ownership of some lands (the arguments threatened to erupt war).
Imperialism: Countries wanted to extend their nation’s rule over foreign nations, to gain additional wealth, power, and control.
Militarism: The large standing armies were ready to settle disputes if negotiations failed because they wanted to try out their new military weapons that they were creating.
What finally tipped the scale? What was the spark?
and what date did ww1 start
Alliances formed between countries was what tipped the scale and the spark was Death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
which led to Austria-Hungary’s to send a list of impossible demands leading to the declaration of war against Serbia,
July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918
What is the Chain of Friendship? Diagram. Name the six countries involved. Why is one of the countries represented by a child? How is it ironic?
The “Chain of Friendship” is the alliance created by the countries, so the chain can’t be broken, if one country gets pulled into war, they all do. it was ironic because it was meant to prevent ww1 but ended up causing it
Serbia, Russia, France, Britain, Austria-Hungary, Germany
Serbia is represented as a child because they are a weaker country compared to the others.
It is ironic because it was supposed to reduce war, but it basically created war.
What did men do when war broke out? In Canada
spontaneous parades of young men who were fighting to enlist. When war was finally declared crowds went crazy, flinging hats and umbrellas into the air.
What is meant by the war will be over by Christmas? How did it change men’s attitudes for enlisting?
It means that with modern warfare technology, people will die at fast rates which will result in the war being over quickly. Men rushed to the recruiting offices fearing that the war would be all over before they could get into action.
Trench Diagram and conditions Trench Foot, lice, rats Why were trenches needed?
Trench foot- condition where because of the constant water, your foot rotted and skin peeled off
Rats,Lice- tons of rats and lice were in the war and soldiers would use lighters to remove lice under the weaves of their clothing
Trenches- They were needed because of the dangers of war, Trenches were made to protect soldiers from instantly being killed by warfare.
What happend at Vimy Ridge
and How did it change National Identity
The french and the British had tried to attack the ridge but had failed therefore the Canadians were brought in to take care of the ridge. Arthur Curry the Canadian commander developed innovative battle tactics and plans to defeat the Germans.
The Battle of Vimy Ridge began at 5:30 a.m. on Easter Monday, April 9, 1917. es
Not sure if this is correct but it made Canada appear as a more suitable or stronger country for warfare and gained lots of respect.
Who was General Arthur Curry? What Innovations did he develop?
General Arthur Currie-Canadian Corps commander Lieutenant.
- every solider knew what the plan was
- weeks of rehersal
creeping barrage to attack Vimy
Leapfrogging of troops to rest troops during battle
2nd Battle of Ypres why is this significant to Canada?
and what happend
and what date
This was Canada’s first major battle.
- It showed the rest of the world how tough we were.
- In the face of terror we stood our ground while others ran.
Canadians held their line and fought to hold the line that was left by the retreating French.
April 1915
What does urine do to chlorine gas?
counteracts the gas
Conscription Crisis
Why was conscription needed?
and what is conscription
It was needed as many men were dying and the recruitment in Canada was struggling.
conscription, which is a law that says if you are able to fight, you have to fight.
How did Borden help the suffragist cause?
Bordon gave the vote to women who had a male family member in the war. Union government’s way of trying to win the conscription crisis vote
WW1 Technology – Aircraft, tanks, flamethrowers etc.
what was the most effective weapon for trench warfare?
Describe the early tanks
what were aircrafts used for at first?
Artillery
most effective weapon for trench warfare, racked up the most kills.
Used for blowing up enemy trenches and destroying enemy mortars and barbed wire.
Aircrafts
Early on were only used for reconnaissance
quickly evolved as teh war went on, going faster higher, and carrying mounted guns and bombs.
Tanks
Early tanks were slow and awkward, carrying machine guns and cannons
Used to break though no man’s land and stop the stalemate
The Renault FT‑17 was built by the French and was the staple tank, it was the first to feature a revolving turret
Flame thrower
Terror weapon
shot out burning fuel
You were a big target while using it for infantry
the cylinder could explode on you
it sometimes took multiple men to operate
Why were the Canadians at the forefront of the attacks?
Because of the reputations they earned from the previous battles, they were planned to be deployed at the forefront
What is the meaning of shock troops?
Canada’s army on the Western Front had a very strong reputation by the summer of 1918, four years into the Great War. Its soldiers were recognized as “shock troops,” men who would carry out the hard tasks and fulfill their objectives.
What did the Germans think was going to happen when they saw Canadians forming up in front of them?
That a major surprise attack was coming and it did but where they least expected - check with this
What was the Black Day for the German Army?j
Canada was suppose to attack in france and Canadian troops were shifted from north to Ypres, Belgium which made the germans think a big attack was coming but they secretly hurried back to the amiens for the real attack which advanced 20 km in three days. The attack had no pre artilleray which usually warned that a suprise attack was coming and the germans were taken by suprise. This breakthrough was named “black day” by a german high commander.
And because they knew they were toast and they we’re giving up
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
An agreement that ended ww1 between Germany and the Allied powers which put Germany in debt because they were the cause for all the mass destruction
List 2 things the treaty demanded of Germany
Germany had to cut its army to 100,000 men
- Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war. (imporant)
- Germany had to pay $31.4 billion in reparations.
Germany had to make substantial concessions which is to give lands gained before and during the war.
-they could only retain 6 dreadknoght battle ships and no submarines or airforce
6
- the Rhineland had to be demilitarized (no german forces allowed)
- exclusion from league of nations
Why did France hate Germany so much?
They had many battles in the past and rivalries
What was the War Guilt Clause?
Germany had to accept sole responsibility for causing the war and, had to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions and pay heavy reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers.
Who wasUlrich Graf von BrockdorffRantzau and why was he so angry?
Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff‑Rantzau: Foreign Minister and was german and He was angry because only Germany was blamed for the war, even though other countries played a big role in the damage done by the war.
How did Canada benefit from fighting in the war?
Gained respect
Their contributions and sacrifices earned Canada a separate signature on the Treaty of Versailles.
Historical Significance, Continuity and Change, Cause and Consequence and Historical Perspective
Historical significance: historians study this to understand why current people care about history, people items, and events have historical significance if they shed light on time period in which they exist
Continuity and change: describing what has changed and what has continued over history
Cause and consequence: Exams how or why certain conditions and actions lead to others
Historical perspective: Understanding the past from past from different povs is important because it gives u a different take on an historical event or situation
Will bryce talk about my cute cards in class and let everyone know?
no he will not on god
define these terms
Facism
patriot
Nationalism
Militarism
Imperalism
Facism - Fascism is a right-wing form of government in which most of the country’s power is held by one ruler.
Patriot - to love and fight for your country
Nationalism- people thought their country was the best
Militarism- the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
name the 4 gasses used in war
chlorine gas(can kill in high concentration), tear gas(non toxic), mustard gas(yellow look, most effective), phosgene gas (colourless and affects after 24h)
list the three reasons you would be punished for cowardice
if u refused to fight
ran away
self inflicted injury
who was Emily davison and when was women allowed to vote
1918 and she was a radical feminist who did stupid shit to get attention like jump infront of a horse lmao rip
bozo.
they also forcefed her which was shown in diagrams so she wouldnt strave to death and attract attention
she was the first martyr ( a person who dies for their belief)
extra info: women were first allowed to vote in manitoba
Triple Entente and Triple alliance
Triple Entente
Britain
france
Russia
Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria Hungary
Italy
What was a SAP for trenches
semi-permanent trench dug outwards from existing trench lines.
What is Shellshock PTSD
and what were the diagnoses
A poorly understood mental condition that happened to men who broke down under the mental strain of war
-Military authorities at the time saw it as cowardice or lack of moral.
talk and physical therapy
or
shock therapy bitch
Storm troopers?
Elite infantry to overcome trenches, trained to use flamethrowers,gernades etc and there aim was not to take and hold a trench but to take a trench and then move on.
why was the home front good for the women
because with all the men gone women could get jobs and prove themselves (but when came back they lose jobs)
and after the war womens fasion changed and things about them changed such as wearing shorter skirts and smoking.
In the first year of the war
350,000 canadians out of the 8 million
who was private jerry jones
man who set an example that black people can have a impact in war by showing his commander that he can fight by dropping a enemy machine gun at the feet of his commander after making the enemy surrender
when war was declared, london papers said Canada Will Supply Troops
If Motherland Is Involved”
how did this make canada feel?
they were like, why should we help? but eventually did because of their connection
what class were women see as in the 1800s
second class, they weren’t allowed to seek education
Sir rodman Roblin stated about womens right to vote
Women shouldn’t vote because
they are emotional and it would cause a domestic strife (where a women votes for someone diff than the husband)
why was canada in war in ww1
because of the alliances it got put in war
what did canadian men receive for war
1.10 dollars per day and a free ride of food and shelter
What was Franz ferdinand to A-H
an archduke/prince
Russian revolution
Bolsheviks also known as Red Menace
what happened at Passchendaele
October 1917 Canadians sent to belgium and Aurthur Currie was shocked at the terrible conditions, he tried to avoid it but was overulled by superiors, he eventually won the war with fast planning but saw it as a disaster cuz of the death toll.
the man who sent all the dudes to their death was general haig
what was the German Schlieffen plan and why did it fail
they wanted to go on the front as a distraction while people were flanking, but didn’t work because it was too slow and outdated and they didn’t expect Belgium to put up a fight.
what what the point of residential schools
it was to eradicate their culture and “fix” them and assumilate them into the Mainstream Canadian society.
what led to residential schools
Europenas were like nah, these indigenous bozos are inferior and that they needed help
they felt like they needed to civilize aboriginal people
after effects of residential schools
They were physically abused which was stuck with many men and women that led to a cycle of generational abuse
Know the Trench cross section diagram
War of attrution defenition
If i kill all your soldiers I win
why did France join Russia and Britain for triple entente
because France felt threatened by the triple alliance (Germany A-H italy)
skip this
sk ip
when did weapons start becoming good in the war
the end of the war
what was the interrupter gear on planes
a German invention allowed a machine gun to be mounted behind the propeller so the pilot could fire directly ahead.
reconnaissance
military observation of a region to locate an enemy or ascertain strategic features.
The best tank for revlolving turrent (not that important)
FT-17
Name the types of weapons used in ww1
Artillery
Air warfare
Tanks
flame throwers
submarines
snipers
gernades
machine guns
knives
bayonets
anythign really
ALASKA FIASCO
was a battle where candians started seeing themselves not as memebers of the brtish commonwealth
The government wanted that canadians to be kept together in their own divisions instead of being distributed from the english which…
let them take credit for their victories and thus a sense of national identity grew
The Somme - Gerneral Douglous Haig(the butcher) sent over half a ______ men to their _____ and in total _______ were dead or wounded\
Why?
what Could they have done differently
million, death, 24000\
because This bozo still belived calvalry would work and that you had to throw men at the enemy and eventually he would win, which also caused him to be hated im assuming and around 700-800 men died in the first hour
used artillery to weaken defences
look for other spots to attack
not attacking in daylight.
the battle of passcehndaele could not have been won without who?
George pearkes, he had led the canadians win the war while having a wounded leg.
Two solitudes
lack of will to cmmmunicate, between Anglophone and Francophone. people in canada,
Bolshevism
and
revolution
russian social democratic labor party, favouring tatctis to achieve full socialization and, under the leadership of Ulyanov (Lenin).
Revoultion- Attempting to cause an effect in society through the use of extreme measures.
Who was Sir John A macdonald
and what about the indian affairs, residential schools btw
he was the prime minister of canada and
They knew and wanted to help but it cost too much
also extra info)
after a while the government decided to chill and put aboriginal people in public schools but they still faced racism and bullying and struggeld adjusting
What was the enemy dilemma
