10. Skin Histology & Physiology

Question 0

Where is adipose tissue found?

Answer 0

Below the reticular layer.

Question 1

What is the result of damaged elastin fibers?

Answer 1

Stretch marks.

Question 2

Where are melanocytes found, and what do they produce?

Answer 2

Found in the germinativum (basal) layer. Melanocytes produce pigment granules that produce melanin.

Question 3

What is the papillary layer?

Answer 3

The junction of the dermis and epidermis.

Question 4

What is the study of the function of living organisms?

Answer 4

Physiology.

Question 5

What does the barrier function of the skin include?

Answer 5

Acid mantle.

Question 6

List the layers of the epidermis in order.

Answer 6

Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Germinativum.

Question 7

What is produced in the stratum germinativum?

Answer 7

Melanin.

Question 8

Red and inflamed skin is an indication that the skin is experiencing ______?

Answer 8

Free radical damage.

Question 9

In regards to hormone replacement therapy, what comes from plants or animals?

Answer 9

Estrogen.

Question 10

What does the sudoriferous gland do?

Answer 10

Detoxifies the body.

Question 11

What does intercellular mean?

Answer 11

Between the cells.

Question 12

Motor nerves are fibers that _____?

Answer 12

Stimulate the arrector pili muscles.

Question 13

What gland is the most active during emotional changes?

Answer 13

Apocrine.

Question 14

What protects against outside elements and microorganisms?

Answer 14

Skin.

Question 15

What do fibroblasts aid in?

Answer 15

Production of collagen and elastin.

Question 16

What happens to the skin as estrogen depletes?

Answer 16

Skin loses its tone.

Question 17

What is the average pH of the acid mantle?

Answer 17

5.5

Question 18

Why is it important to understand the function of each layer of the skin?

Answer 18

To understand how the aging process, sun exposure, hormones and nutrition affect the health and appearance of the skin in order to educate clients and determine course of action and products to be used.

Question 19

_________ is the thickest layer of the skin.

Answer 19

Dermis.

Question 20

Damage and loss of elastin results in what?

Answer 20

Sagging and wrinkling.

Question 21

What is the cause of the differences in genetic skin color?

Answer 21

The amount of melanin one produces.

Question 22

What are tyrosinase inhibitors?

Answer 22

They aim at suppressing melanin production and thus hyper pigmentation.

Question 23

What’s the percentage of sun exposure that causes aging?

Answer 23

80 to 85%.

Question 24

Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands are part of what?

Answer 24

Skin appendages.

Question 25

What makes up intercellular cement between epidermal cells?

Answer 25

Lipids.

Question 26

Your skin contains one-half of your body’s what?

Answer 26

Primary immune cells.

Question 27

What are T cells?

Answer 27

Immune cells.

Question 28

What’s the most abundant in the fingertips?

Answer 28

Sensory nerve fibers.

Question 29

What is desquamation?

Answer 29

Process of shedding keratinocytes.

Question 30

What cells are flat and scaly?

Answer 30

Squamous cells.

Question 31

What is formed in the stratum?

Answer 31

Keratin and intercellular lipids.

Question 32

Where on the body is the skin the thickest?

Answer 32

Soles of feet and palms of hands.

Question 33

What glands are responsible for softening skin, excreting sebum, and protecting skin from outside elements?

Answer 33

Sebaceous glands.

Question 34

What three things do cells need in order to survive?

Answer 34

Protection, ability to function, and nourishment.

Question 35

What are “super oxidizers,” attack cell membranes, and steal electrons from other atoms or molecules?

Answer 35

Free radicals.