10. Skin Histology & Physiology Flashcards
Where is adipose tissue found?
Below the reticular layer.
What is the result of damaged elastin fibers?
Stretch marks.
Where are melanocytes found, and what do they produce?
Found in the germinativum (basal) layer. Melanocytes produce pigment granules that produce melanin.
What is the papillary layer?
The junction of the dermis and epidermis.
What is the study of the function of living organisms?
Physiology.
What does the barrier function of the skin include?
Acid mantle.
List the layers of the epidermis in order.
Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Germinativum.
What is produced in the stratum germinativum?
Melanin.
Red and inflamed skin is an indication that the skin is experiencing ______?
Free radical damage.
In regards to hormone replacement therapy, what comes from plants or animals?
Estrogen.
What does the sudoriferous gland do?
Detoxifies the body.
What does intercellular mean?
Between the cells.
Motor nerves are fibers that _____?
Stimulate the arrector pili muscles.
What gland is the most active during emotional changes?
Apocrine.
What protects against outside elements and microorganisms?
Skin.
What do fibroblasts aid in?
Production of collagen and elastin.
What happens to the skin as estrogen depletes?
Skin loses its tone.
What is the average pH of the acid mantle?
5.5
Why is it important to understand the function of each layer of the skin?
To understand how the aging process, sun exposure, hormones and nutrition affect the health and appearance of the skin in order to educate clients and determine course of action and products to be used.
_________ is the thickest layer of the skin.
Dermis.
Damage and loss of elastin results in what?
Sagging and wrinkling.
What is the cause of the differences in genetic skin color?
The amount of melanin one produces.
What are tyrosinase inhibitors?
They aim at suppressing melanin production and thus hyper pigmentation.
What’s the percentage of sun exposure that causes aging?
80 to 85%.
Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands are part of what?
Skin appendages.
What makes up intercellular cement between epidermal cells?
Lipids.
Your skin contains one-half of your body’s what?
Primary immune cells.
What are T cells?
Immune cells.
What’s the most abundant in the fingertips?
Sensory nerve fibers.
What is desquamation?
Process of shedding keratinocytes.
What cells are flat and scaly?
Squamous cells.
What is formed in the stratum?
Keratin and intercellular lipids.
Where on the body is the skin the thickest?
Soles of feet and palms of hands.
What glands are responsible for softening skin, excreting sebum, and protecting skin from outside elements?
Sebaceous glands.
What three things do cells need in order to survive?
Protection, ability to function, and nourishment.
What are “super oxidizers,” attack cell membranes, and steal electrons from other atoms or molecules?
Free radicals.
