10. Shortness of Breath

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What specific questions might you ask someone who presents with shortness of breath?
- About the SOB?
- Risk factors?
- Associated symptoms? (8)

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

We already know that Mrs Finnegan’s dyspnoea has developed over several months. What key clues on history and examination will help you differentiate between the potential diagnoses?
- COPD?
- Chronic asthma?
- ILD?
- Heart failure?
- Anaemia?
- Bronchiectasis?
- Others?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Which investigations would you order for dyspnoea?
- Bloods? (5)
- Imaging?
- Other? (2)

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Diagnosis = Congestive cardiac failure

Answer 9

Question 10

Which 2 second line investigations should be ordered for Mrs Finnegan following her diagnosis of congestive cardiac failure?

Answer 10

Question 11

(1)

Answer 11

Question 12

(2)

Answer 12

Question 13

(3)

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

What are 4 classes of inhaled drugs used in obstructive airways disease/asthma? What is the mechanism of action of each drug?

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the difference between bronchitis and pneumonia and broncho- and lobar pneumonia?

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

There has been a large decrease in the incidence of epiglottitis in the last 20 years, particularly in children. How can you explain this?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is the difference between type I and type II respiratory failure? What are some of the causes of each?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the difference between a ‘pink puffer’ and a ‘blue bloater’?

Answer 30

Question 31

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37