10 Population genetics

Question 1

TF Population frequencies change depending on location

Answer 1

T

Question 2

how do we detect variation in a population DNA wise ( 3 things)

Answer 2

• 3 main changes that are looked at
  ○ SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms
  ○ Microsatellite repeakts (STR)
  ○ Deletions and insertions (Indels)

Question 3

SNPs and Indels are Detected by _______and can be categortized _____, ______, _____, and _______.

Answer 3

sequencing
§ Common
§ Rare
§ With protein coding genes
- Non-coding

Question 4

microsatellites are detected by ________ and have a __________

Answer 4

○ Detected by PCR or sequencing
○ High mutation rate

Question 5

what is a locus but not a gene

Answer 5

Part of DNA that is not transcribed or translated

Question 6

what are haplotypes

Answer 6

Grp of loci that segregate together

Question 7

TF All heterozygous individuals have a diff haplotype

Answer 7

T

Question 8

what is the theory of allele frequencies

Answer 8

When a population mates randomly we can predict genotypic frequency from allelic frequency

Question 9

for is the formula for estimating allelic frequency f(A)

Answer 9

f(A) = 2x homozygotes +1x heterozygotes / total # alleles

Question 10

TF %allele = f(allele) = # allele/total # allele

Answer 10

T

Question 11

TF you should do the f(A) formula for both dominant and recessive alleles

Answer 11

T

Question 12

what is the gene pool

Answer 12

Sum of all alleles in breeding members of a population

Question 13

if p is dominant (A) and q is recessive how do we find P(AA), P(aa) and P(Aa)

Answer 13

P(AA) = pxp or p^2
P(aa) = qxq = q^2
P(Aa) = 2pq

Question 14

TF p^2 +2pq + q^2 = 2

Answer 14

F, =1 because its the sum of all P(AA)(Aa) and (aa)

Question 15

what are the 3 hardy weinberg equations

Answer 15

p+q=1
F(A) = 2(AA or aa)+Aa/ tot # alleles
p^2 +2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 16

what is the ideal population

Answer 16

• Very large in size (no inbreeding)\
• Have random mating
• Genotypes are equally fit
• No external influence
• no mutations

Question 17

TF most populations are ideal populations

Answer 17

F, Majority of ideal population conditions will be violated in reality

Question 18

How do we go from p and q to individuals

Answer 18

• find frequency p^2 = F(AA) (ex0.313)
• mult F(AA) by tot population (0.313x20)
  = 6.2 - 6 AA individuals

Question 19

• In natural selection against recessive allele the _____ die
• In natural selection against dominant alleles the ______ and _____ die

Answer 19

• homozygous recessive
• hetero and homozygous dominant