10. Nervous system

Question 1

What are the neuroglia from the central nervous system?

Answer 1

ependymal cells
astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes

Question 2

What are the neuroglia from the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

satellite cells
Schwann cells

Question 3

What are the cells that form the myelin sheath around axons?

Answer 3

CNS: oligodendrocyte
PNS: Schwann cells

Question 4

What is the concentration gradient within the neuron at resting state and what happens during an action potential?

Answer 4

In the neuron: Na+ concentration is super low
Outside neuron: K+ is super low

So when a stimulus is received by a neuron, Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into the neuron.

At the same time, K+ channels open and kalium rushes out of the cells

This is called the action potential

Question 5

Which three membranes surround the brain and spinal chord?

Answer 5

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

These membranes are called meninges

Question 6

Of which parts does the brain consist?

Answer 6

• cerebrum
• diencephalon
• brainstem
• cerebellum

Question 7

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 7

In the diencephalon, together with the thalamus, and the pituitary and pneal glands

Question 8

Which structures can be found in the brainstem?

Answer 8

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 9

Describe the build up of the spinal cord/nerve/where are the sensory and motor axons located?

Answer 9

The axons of sensory neurons within a spinal nerve enter the spinal cord from the dorsal side.
The axons of motor neurons within a spinal nerve exit the spinal cord from the ventral side. This dorsal root and the ventrals root meet and join.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitters belong to which division of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic (maintains body activities): acetylcholine
Sympathetic division (emergency and exercise situations): norepinephrine