10 - Managing Strategic Change Flashcards
What does CPA do?
Identifies the order of tasks to ensure effective use of time
Pros of CPA
- identifies critical activities
- improves focus
- greater productivity
- allows for JIT
Cons of CPA
- relies on estimations
- doesn’t account for external influences
- large projects can be too complex
What is important for when implementing strategic change?
- leadership
- communication
- organisational structure
What is Lewin’s Force Field Analysis?
There are 2 opposing forces when introducing change: the driving and the resisting force
What does Lewin’s force field analysis identify?
The key decision makers and the balance of power between the 2 forces
What are some pressures for change?
- meet objectives
- competitive advantage
- respond to influences
What is incremental change?
Change over time
What is disruptive change?
Change that is rapid and unexpected
How are organic structures characterised?
- informal
- flexible
- verbal communication
- find change easier to handle
How are mechanistic organisations characterised?
- formal
- centralised
- formal communication
- greater resistance to change
What are Kotter and Schlesinger’s reasons for resistance to change?
- parochial self interest
- prefers the status quo
- misunderstanding and fear
- different assessment
What does “prefer the status quo” mean in Kotter and Schlesinger’s reasons for resistance to change?
Stakeholders are happy with the way things are and want it to stay
What does “parochial self interest” mean in Kotter and Schlesinger’s reasons for resistance to change?
Stakeholders fear change will result in them being personally worse off
What does “misunderstanding and fear” mean in Kotter and Schlesinger’s reasons for resistance to change?
Stakeholders believe the motives for change are wrong and mistrust decision making
What does “different assessment” mean in Kotter and Schlesinger’s reasons for resistance to change?
Stakeholders believe that the proposed change is not the correct course of action and there is a better solution
What are the 6 methods to overcome resistance to change according to Kotter and Schlesinger?
- explicit and implied coercion
- manipulation and co-option
- participation and involvement
- education and communication
- negotiation and agreement
- facilitation and support
Hofstede’s Natural Culture does what?
The different ratings out of 100 for different characteristics
List ideas of categories for Hofstede’s natural culture
- individualism and collectivism
- masculinity and femininity
- long-term and short-term
- avoidance or embracing risk
What does culture effect in a business?
- decision making
- structure
- communication
- attitude
- leadership
Handy’s Model
What is task culture?
Emphasis on achieving set outcomes through cooperation and team work
- matrix stricter
- delegation
Handy’s Model
What sort of business is task culture suited to?
Rapidly changing organisations
Handy’s Model
What is role culture?
Clear rules and procedures in a clear hierarchy, slowing decisions due to
- tall structure
- bureaucratic leadership
Handy’s Model
What business is suited to role culture?
Public sector businesses
Handy’s Model
What is power culture?
A few people central to the organisation have control, often with fewer rules
Handy’s Model
What type of business is suited to power culture?
Smaller businesses
Handy’s Model
What is person culture?
Lots of autonomy is given to individuals who are highly skilled, risk taking and innovation encouraged and receded
- democratic
- decentralised
Handy’s Model
What sort of business suits person culture?
Lawyers, solicitors
