10. Hematopoietic Disorders and Anemia Flashcards

Question

How can heinz body anemia cause hemolytic anemia?

Answer 1

oxidative damage to RBC cats more susceptible than other domestic species can be due to medications, chemicals, plants, inherited enzyme deficiencies and nutritional deficiencies or toxicities

Answer 2

Allium family: onions and garlic Brassica family: cabbage, kale, canola seed DRUGS: acetaminophen, propylene glycol, zinc/copper toxicity, methylene blue

Answer 3

diabetes, hyperthyroidism, lymphoma, hypophosphatemia, EIA, bacterial infection (clostridial), inherited membrane defects, metabolic disorders

Answer 4

Can be external or internal External blood loss causes loss of RBCs, iron and plasma proteins Internal blood loss does not lead to loss of protein or iron - some RBCs will be re-absorbed and return to circulation chronic or acute

Answer 5

trauma, surgical losses, parasites like fleas, ticks or hookworms coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, thrombopathia, neoplasia, cystitis, bleeding lesions like GI ulceration and IBD

Answer 6

dec PCV, +/- dec plasma proteins, inc polychromasia - not acutely, normal RBC morphology unless in acute cases

Answer 7

malignant vascular tumors - most common in the spleen, liver and right atrium. spreads quickly to the lungs and other organs lab results will be as follows - polychromasia, transiet hypoproteinemia, acanthocytes and schistocytes, thrombocytopenia, possibly DIC - BADD!!!

Answer 8

chronic blood loss results in iron deficiency anemia? In adults, almost always due to blood loss in neonates, almost always insufficient iron intake - affects all neonatal domestic species, piglets highest risk bc they do not have access to iron rich soil - often given injections shortly after birth, common in dogs but rare in cats/eq

Answer 9

dec MCV** and MCHC inc total iron binding capacity (TIBC) - referred out test measurement of serum ferritin lvls - reflects total iron stores in the body

Answer 10

inc central pallor - pale RBC's, often with just a ring of hemoglobin Keratocytes, schistocytes, folded RBCs, microcytosis, thrombocytosis in ~50% of cases

Answer 11

due to reduced rates of erythropoiesis or defective erythropoiesis Generally results in normochromic anemia - non regen Causes: chronic renal dz, hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, bracken fern poisoning, iron and copper deficiency, parvovirus and lead toxicity

Answer 12

usually results in a moderate to severe anemia, nonregenerative, normocytic the more severe the kidney failure, more severe the anemia occurs due to a lack of erythropoietin prod by kidneys, particularly in dogs/cats

Answer 13

results in mild, nonregen, normocytic anemia hematocrit of ~0.30 L/L once the hypothyroidism is addressed, anemia will resolve believed to be due to a lower metabolic rate

Answer 14

addision's dz results in a mild, nonregen, normocytic anemia often masked by hydration - dehydration causes PCV to be artificially inc

Answer 15

immature RBC's that contain organelles cells are macrocytic and blue-purple staining with wright's stain - polychromasia new methylene blue makes organelles stain dark blue and cell appears green

Answer 16

puntate and aggregate Aggregate reticulocyte appear as polychromatophilic cells on blood smears (weights staines) Cats have higher #'s of punctate reticulocytes than aggregate reticulocytes

Answer 17

used to determine whether the animal is responding to an anemia event Regen anemia: bone marrow responding w/ releasing immature RBC's, Non-regen is no response of the bone marrow Always report inc of polychromasia or lack of polychromasia A reticulocyte stain should be performed on all anemic animals (except eq)

Answer 18

done by automated analyzers or in clinic; Place drop of blood + new methylene blue in sm test tube > sit for 10-15 > drop of solution to make blood smear > examine the smear as is, or counterstain with wright's stain > 1000 RBCs are counted under oil immersion lens reticulocyte count = % of RBCs that are reticulocytes % reticulocyte = # of retics counted x 100

Answer 19

results are interpreted according to degree of anemia for the following reasons - anemic animals have fewer mature erythrocites retics are released earlier and persist longer in anemic animals

Answer 20

corrected reticulocyte count = reticulocyte % x (PCV/normal PCV) Use a normal PCV of 45% for dogs, 45% for fel

Answer 21

Reticulocyte % x (PCV/normal PCV) 12% x (15% / 45%) = 4%

Answer 22

RP = corrected reticulocyte count/reticulocyte maturation time requires the use of the following chart ex. corrected retic count of 4% / 2.5 = 1.6 An RPI of 1.6 means that reticulocytes are being produced 1.6x faster than normal in this patient

Answer 23

rfers to inc of conc of erythrocytes in blood (inc PVC, inc RBC count, or inc Hgb conc) Erythrocytosis is preferred term when only RBCs are affected In some instances, RBC's proliferate uncontrollably there is normal maturation sequence and normal proportions of immature to mature cell #'s, but total RBC # inc Common in dogs/cats, also affects Eq, cattle, llamas

Answer 24

may be due to dehydration, splenic contraction (exercise or epinephrine release - fear, pain, or excitement), hypoxia, or increased erythropoietin production

Answer 25

if the patient was dehydrated, excited, fearful or painful. It will help identify the reason for an increased PCV