10- Female Reproductive System Flashcards by Hessa Al Salem

What is the significance of the Recto-uterine pouch in a digital examination?

Enlargement of the [uterus, uterine tubes, and ovary] can be felt

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List all the Vaginal Fistulas

Vesicovaginal fistula
Rectovaginal fistula
Urethrovaginal fistula
Vaginoperineal fistula

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What openings are found in the Vestibule of the Vagina?

Urethral Orifice
Vaginal Orifice
Ducts of Greater and Lesser Vestibular glands

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What covers the Bulb of the vestibule?

Bulbospongiosus Muscle

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What is the deepest part of the Peritoneal cavity?

Rectouterine Pouch

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Describe the structure of the uterus

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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What are the three parts of the Uterus?

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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Where is the uterus found?

Lesser Pelvis

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Relations of the Uterus

Urinary bladder anteriorly Rectum posteriorly

Covered by Peritoneum

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What is the normal position of the uterus?

Anteverted and Anteflexed

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What are abnormal position of the Uterus?

Retroverted and/or Retroflexed

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Angle of Anteversion

forward angulation of uterus

between the long axis of cervix and vagina [~90°]

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Angle of Anteflexion

orward angulation between the body and cervix of the uterus [~125°]

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What is the clinical significance of a retroverted uterus?

Tendency for prolapse
Painful menstruation
Reduced chance of conception

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Retroverted Uterus

backward tilt in the angle of anteversion

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elations of the Fundus and Body of Uterus

U/P: Rectum and Sigmoid Body

L/A: Urinary bladder

Peritoneal relations of the Fundus and Body of Uterus

U/P: covered up to posterior fornix of vagina

L/A: covered up to isthmus

What occupies the pouch of Douglas?

Coils of Intestine and Sigmoid colon

What structures are attached to the lateral border of the Uterus?

Broad Ligament
Round Ligament [upper end]]
Ovarian Ligament [upper end]

Where is the opening of the uterine tube found?

Opens at the later border of the uterus, at the superolateral angle

Where is the Uterine artery found?

Between the two layers of the broad ligament

What is the most fixed part of the uterus?

Cervix [not even movable or distended during pregnancy]

What is the internal os of the cervix?

opening of the cervix that joins the uterus

What is the external os of the cervix?

junction between the cervix and the vagina

What cells line the cervical canal?

Simple Columnar/Stratified Squamous epithelium

What structures are found lateral to the cervix?

Uterine artery as it crosses the ureter

List the ligaments of the Cervix

Uterosacral Pubocervical Mackenrodt's ligament

What arteries supply the Uterus?

Ovarian artery [branch of AA] - Upper part Uterine artery [branch of IIA]- Lower part

What artery, which supplies the Uterus is a branch of the abdominal artery?

Ovarian artery

What artery, which supplies the uterus, is a branch of the Internal Iliac artery?

Uterine artery

What is the perineal body?

Fibromuscule node that acts as an attachment for ``` Levator ani Bulbospongious Coccygeus Superficial transverse perineal Deep transverse perineal Ischiocavernous Puborectalis Pubococcygeus Transverse abdominal ```

What occurs as a result of a tear of the perineal body?

Uterus prolapse

What may tear the perineal body?

Vaginal delivery | Episiotomy that is not properly repaired

What are other names for the transverse cervical ligament?

Cardinal ligament | Meckenrodt’s ligament

What ligament extends from the posterior aspect of the cervix to the 3rd piece of the sacrum?

Uterosacral ligament