10. Examination of the oral cavity, teeth, sinuses and oesophagus with different disorders

Question 1

Teeth types in horses:

Answer 1

1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Premolars
4. Molars

Question 2

Dental tissues:

Answer 2

1. Enamel
2. Dentin
3. Cementum

Question 3

What is the enamel?

Answer 3

1. Most dense and hardest tissue of the whole body
2. More than 9% is mineral content

Question 4

What is the dentin?

Answer 4

1. Forms the majority of the dental tissue
2. Softer and more flexible than enamel
3. Help to prevent cracks in the enamel

Question 5

What is the cementum?

Answer 5

1. Bone-like calcified tissue
2. Blood supply
3. Covering the root only

Question 6

Answer 6

1. Enamel
2. Dentine
3. Pulp cavity
4. Cementum
5. Root canal

Question 7

The teeth are numbered, what is the number for the upper left?

Answer 7

200

Question 8

The teeth are numbered, what is the number for the upper right?

Answer 8

100

Question 9

The teeth are numbered, what is the number for the lower left?

Answer 9

300

Question 10

The teeth are numbered, what is the number for the lower right?

Answer 10

400

Question 11

How many teath on each side on the upper and lower jaw?

Answer 11

Upper: 11
Lower: 11

Question 12

How many incisoris?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

How many canine?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

How many premolars?

Answer 14

3 ( + 1 wolf tooth)

Question 15

How many molars?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

Signs of dental problems:

Answer 16

1. Dysphagia
2. Quidding
3. Weight loss
4. Facial swelling
5. Difficulties with riding

Question 17

How to examine teeth:

Answer 17

1. Visual inspecton
2. Feeding behaviour
3. X-ray
4. Check number of teeths, occlusions gums

Question 18

Absence of teeth

Answer 18

Oligodontia

Question 19

More teeth present:

Answer 19

Polydontia

Question 20

Oligodontia, which teeth are mostly affected?

Answer 20

incisors and molars

Question 21

Polydontia, which teeth are mostly affected?

Answer 21

Incisors more often than premolars and molars

Question 22

Name common disorders/problems that can arrise in the teeths:

Answer 22

1. Maleruption
2. Retained deciduous teeth
3. Trauma
4. Cheek teeth abnormalities
5. Oral and dental tumours
6. Displacement of teeth
7. Offset bite: not horizontal bite
8. Parrot mouth: the upper jaw is in front of the lower
9. Sow mouth: The lower jaw is in front of the upper

Question 23

Name some examples of trauma to the oral cavity

Answer 23

1. Fracture of the mandible
2. Dental fractures

Question 24

Name some abnormalities of cheek teeth:

Answer 24

1. Diastema
2. Pulpitis
3. Overgrowth

Question 25

What is diastema?

Answer 25

Gap between adjacent teeth. Have both closed and open Closed: Narrow opening and bigger gap at gum level Open: Gap is the same width at top and bottom

Question 26

What is pulpitis?

Answer 26

Inflammation of pulp, bacterial penetration

Question 27

Cause of pulpitis:

Answer 27

Trauma, abresion

Question 28

Treatment of pulpitis:

Answer 28

Mild cases: endodontic (root canal) treatment Severe cases: Tooth extraction

Question 29

Treatment of pulpitis:

Answer 29

Mild cases: endodontic (root canal) treatment Severe cases: Tooth extraction

Question 30

How to examine the sinsuses?

Answer 30

1. Inspection, oral examination 2. Palpation 3. Percussion 4. x-ray

Question 31

X-ray for sinuses:

Answer 31

LL: Midway between the orbit and lateral opening of infraorbital canal, 2.5 cm dorsal to facial crest VD: midline horizontal rami of the mandible, at the lvel of the caudal and mid-third border DV: saggital plane, between the orbit and foramen infraorbitale

Question 32

Endoscopy of sinuses:

Answer 32

Through apertura nasomaxillary

Question 33

Disorders/diseases of sinuses:

Answer 33

1. Sinusitis 2. Cyst: rare, more in young horses 3. Neoplasia