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Equine final practical exam - Surgery > 1. Clinical examination of the traumatised patient, type of bandage > Flashcards

1. Clinical examination of the traumatised patient, type of bandage Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical caused trauma of the muskoskeletal system

A
  • Wounds, open injuries
  • Synovial infections
  • Closed injuries ( damage, rupture, penetration)
  • Bone fractures
  • Luxations
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2
Q

Which type of emergency help can you do before transport of the horse?

A
  1. Check circulation
  2. Pain and anxiety relief
  3. Stabilize the horse before transport:
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3
Q

What would you use to relief pain and anxiety?

A

For sedation: Alpha-2-receptors
- Xylasine
- Detomidine
- Butorphanol
- NOT use ACE = Hypotensive effects

Orthopaedic painkilller:
- COX-2 panikillers: Firocoxib
- Be carefull in severe hydration and shock

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4
Q

How to stabilize the horse before transport, which steps do you follow?

A
  • Stop bleedings
  • Prevent furhter injury -> avoid open fracture feks
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5
Q

How would you transport a traumatised patient?

A

Polsters on the side
Support weight bearing by an abdominal sling

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6
Q

In case of a fractured limb, how do you prepare a traumatised patient for transport?

A

Apply polster + splint (The splint must be one line), causing a short term immobilization
It is important to stabilize over the next joint. So if the fracture is below the fetlock , we need to stabilize over the fetlock and all the way down to the hoof

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7
Q

How would you position the horse in the trailer in case of a fracture in a horse?

A

Fracture in forelimb = Head towards the back, if there is a sudden stop, the horse will put weight on the backlegs, not the forelegs

Fracture in hindlimb = Head positioned towards the front.

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8
Q

Before transport, you do a brief physical examination, what do we check?

A

We check the circulatory system and mental state.

  1. Heart rate: Normal=28-42
  2. Respiratory rate: Normal 10-18
  3. MucousMembrane, CRT: Normal: light pink, CRT=below 2
  4. Temperature: Normal: 37-38
  5. Check for hydration: check for skin turgor
  6. Take blood sample: biochemistry, electrolyte
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9
Q

after the physical examination, what to do?

A

Examine the injury

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10
Q

How do you examine the injury?

A
  1. Distant examination: Swelling, presence and degree of lameness
  2. Palpation: check for wounds, foreign body
  3. Check for localization and assess if there is a penetration of underlying structures
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11
Q

With what would you assess a bone and what do you evaluate in the bone?

A

X-ray and CT (if necessary

Evaluate:
- Location
- Complete/incomplete/comminuted
- Displaced(non-displaced
- Articular/non-articular

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12
Q

How would you assess the synovial joint, and what do we evaluate?

A

By x-ray, with contrast

Evaluate:
- Cartilage/meniscal damage
- Soundness of synovial membrane/bursa wall
- Presence of communication

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13
Q

What would you call an xray with positive contrast into the joint?

A

Arthrography

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14
Q

What would you call an xray with positive contrast into the bursa?

A

bursography

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15
Q

What is the dilution of the contrast and how much of it do we use?

A

Dilution: 25% triiodinated, water-soluble

Volume: depedning on the traget, between 2-20 ml

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16
Q

What are the aims of using a bandage?

A
  • Reducing oedema
  • Preventing haemorrhage formation
  • Protection of surgical sites from contamination
  • Immobilizatoin
  • Protection from desiccation (drying up)
17
Q

In general, we have primary and secondary dressing. What is the primary dressing?

A

A dressing applied over the surgical site/wound.
It is sterile, semi occlusive and non-adherent gaze
It may be infiltrated with Chlorhexidin or Betaisadona

18
Q

In general, we have primary and secondary dressing. What is the secondary dressing?

A

Applied over the primary bandage.
It is elastic bandage and elastic adhesive bandage
We use a 1-2 cm thick padding: sheet cotton of roll cotton

19
Q

Which types of bandage can we see?

A
  1. Hood bandage
  2. Distal limb bandage
  3. Robert Jones bandage
  4. Carpus bandage
  5. Tarsal bandage
20
Q

Hoof bandage.
Indications, extension, layers

A

Indications:
- Covering the hoof after surgical procedures
- Softening hoof capsule

Extension: Under the fetlock joint

Layers:
1. Cotton
2. Elastic bandage
3. Elastic adhesive bandage
4. silver tape

21
Q

Distal limb bandage.
Indications, extension, layers

A

Indications:
- Covering surgical sites
- after intraarticular injections

Extension: From coronary band to the carpus or tarsus

Layers:
1. Cotton
2. Roll cotton from distal to proximal
3. Elastic bandage
4. Elastic adhesive bandage
5. Fixed to the hood capsule by impermeable tape

22
Q

Robert Jones bandage.
Indications, extension, layers

A

aim: Immobilization of limb and joints

Consist of a standard distal limb bandage, strengthened by additional layers of sheet cotton, should reach 3 times the diameter of the limb.

23
Q

Carpus bandage.
Indications, extension, layers

A

Extension: From coronary or fetlock to above the carpus

Layers:
1. Sterile wound gaze
2. Roll cotton: start at the fetlock, go up 15cm above the carpus
3. Elastic bandage
4. Incorporate relieve pad made from cotton at palmar carpal area
5. Incorporate sheet cotton
6. elastic bandage
7. elastic adhesive bandage

IMPORTANT: relieve pressure over the accessory carpal bone for preventing pressure sores or skin necrosis

24
Q

Carpus splint.
Indications, extension, layers

A

Indications:
- Luxation
- Fracture
- Tendon rupture
Apply over the robert jones bandage

Extension: From coronary band or fetlock to the proximal limb under the elbow

Layers:
1. Proper polstering
2. Apply on palmar surface
3. Fixation via silver tape
4. Elastic bandage
5. Elastic adhesive bandage

25
Q

Tarsal bandage.
Indications, extension, layers

A

Extension: From coronary or fetlock to above the tarsus

Layers:
1. Sterile wound gaze
2. Roll cotton: start at the fetlock, go above the tarsus
3. Elastic bandage
4. Incorporate relieve pad made from cotton at palmar area above the tarsus
5. Incorporate sheet cotton
6. elastic bandage
7. elastic adhesive bandage

26
Q

Tarsal splint.
Indications, extension, layers

A

Indication:
- Wound healing protection
- Luxation
- Fracture
- Tendon rupture

Extension: From coronary band or fetlock to the proximal limb above the common calcaneal tendon

27
Q

Common problems to consider in case of bandages

A
  • Too loose -> Slipping or rotatin of bandage and plsint
  • Too tight -> pressure necrosis
  • Uneven tension of bandage
  • Contamination

Equine final practical exam - Surgery (12 decks)

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