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Module 1B > 10 Connective Tissue > Flashcards

10 Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Visiting cells consist of _____, _____, and _____

A

Inflammatory macrophages, plasma cells, and leukocytes (white blood cells)

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2
Q

Cells that migrate to a site in response to stimulus and are more immunologically active

A

Inflammatory Macrophages

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3
Q

Cells that increase in number only from monocytes and cannot do local proliferation

A

Inflammatory Macrophages

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE: If there is no stimulus, inflammatory macrophages will not be present in a tissue

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Cells that have strong basophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, and clumps of chromatin

A

Plasma Cells

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6
Q

These cells produces immunoglobulins or antibodies

A

Plasma Cells

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7
Q

Function by binding to an antigen and marking it for destruction

A

Antibodies

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Plasma cells are capable of mitosis or reverting back to B cells

A

FALSE; Once they become plasma cells, they cannot go through mitosis or revert back to B cells

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9
Q

Plasma cells differentiate from _____

A

B Lymphocytes (B Cells)

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10
Q

Give the 5 types of leukocytes (white blood cells)

A

Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE: In post-natal life, all leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow (except for the lymphocytes)

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Produced in the lymphoid tissues and organs such as the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils

A

Lymphocytes

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13
Q

Once in the connective tissue, leokocytes exhibit what kind of movement?

A

Amoeboid Movement

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14
Q

Give the 5 classification of connective tissue

A

Collagenous Connective, Adipose, Reticular, Elastic, Mucous Tissues

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15
Q

Most abundant extracellular fiber in collagenous connective tissue

A

Collagen Fiber (Collagen Type I)

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16
Q

Most abundant cell in collagenous connective tissue

A

Fibroblast

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17
Q

Collagen fibers arranged in a definite pattern and comprises tendons, ligaments, and fibrous membranes

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

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18
Q

Type of tissue wherein collagen fibers run in various directions (haphazard)

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

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19
Q

Type of tissue that is highly vascular and is more cellular than dense connective tissue

A

Loose Connective Tissue

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20
Q

Predominant cell in adipose tissue

A

Adipocyte

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21
Q

Specialized cell that stores fat

A

Adipocyte

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22
Q

Represents the largest energy storage site, functions as thermal insulator, and serves as shock absorber

A

Adipose Tissue

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23
Q

TRUE or FALSE: In the lobules of adipose tissue, the adipocytes are supported mainly by collagen fibers

A

FALSE; Adipocytes are supported mainly by RETICULAR fibers (found in between adipocytes)

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24
Q

Stores fat in single vacuole, synthesizes and secrete leptin; found in visceral and subcutaneous areas

A

Yellow (White) Fat

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25
Q

Stores fat in numerous vacuoles, rich in mitochondria, and the main function is to produce heat

A

Brown Fat

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26
Q

Type of fat that is commonly seen in newborns. especially in the neck, back, and shoulders

A

Brown Fat

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27
Q

Connective tissues originated from which germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

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28
Q

What are the two compositions of a connective tissue?

A

Extracellular matrix and Cells

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The main component of the ground substance are proteoglycans.

A

FALSE (Main component = water, Main structural constituent = proteoglycans)

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30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The presence of sulfate and carboxyl groups make the ground substance acidic.

A

TRUE

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31
Q

What is the most abundant glyocosaminoglycan in the connective tissue?

A

Hyaluronic acid/Hyaluron

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32
Q

What is the most commonly occurring type of connective tissue?

A

Collagen fbers

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33
Q

Which type of collagen particularly makes up collagen fibers?

A

Type I

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34
Q

What is the precursor protein of a collagen fiber?

A

Procollagen

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35
Q

What makes up the core of elastic fibers?

A

Elastin

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36
Q

Which of the three fibers are abundant in structures with frequent stretching?

A

Elastic fibers

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37
Q

Reticular fibers are made up of which collagen type?

A

Type III

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38
Q

What type of cell in the connective tissue are known as multipotent stem cells?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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39
Q

What type of stem cell gives rise to any human cell, placental cell, or fetal membrane cells?

A

Totipotent

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40
Q

What type of stem cell can form any cell type of the body but cannot produce a human being?

A

Pluripotent

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41
Q

These are stellate (star-shaped) cells with delicate cytoplasmic processes and oval nuclei.

A

Mesenchymal cells

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42
Q

What is the most abundant cells in most connective tissues?

A

Fibroblasts

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43
Q

These are inactive fibroblasts which can aid in wound healing during appropriate conditions.

A

Fibrocytes

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44
Q

What are the specialized cell that stores lipids or fats in the cytoplasm?

A

Adipose cells/Adipocytes

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45
Q

What are the two solutions used to visualize adipocytes as grey or black globules?

A

Glutaraldehyde and Osmic acid

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46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Adipocytes are capable of mitosis.

A

FALSE

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47
Q

What cell contains chemical mediators of inflammation such as histamine, heparin, and proteases?

A

Mast cells

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48
Q

Macrophages are derived from what type of WBCs?

A

Monocytes

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49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Inflammatory macrophages are always present in a connective tissue.

A

FALSE (Inflammatory macrophages are present only when there is a stimulus, specifically an infection)

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50
Q

What are the most numerous cell type in the reticular tissue?

A

Reticular cells

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51
Q

What are the most abundant extracullular fiber in the reticular tissue?

A

Reticular fiber

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52
Q

The reticular tissue forms the ___ of the ___, ___, ___, ___ and, ___

A

stroma/supporting framework; liver, bone marrow, pancreas, lymph nodes and spleen

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53
Q

What is the predominant cell type in elastic connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast (in between elastic fibers)

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54
Q

What is the most abundant extracellular fiber in elastic connective tissue?

A

Elastic fiber (with a few collagen fibers)

55
Q

In elastic connective tissue, elastic fibers are arranged _____ to each other,

A

parallel

56
Q

The elastic connective tissue is exmplified by ___ of the ___ & ___ of the ___

A

ligament flava; vertebral column & suspensory ligament; penis

57
Q

The mucous tissue is characterized by abundant ___ and ___ substance, mainly made-up of ___

A

amorphous; jelly like ground; hyaluronic acid

58
Q

What are the mucous connective tissue that are embedded in ground substance, though scanty?

A

scarce collagen, reticular and elastic fibers

59
Q

What are the cellular elements of mucous connective tissue?

A

Few mesenchymal cells; fibroblasts & occasional macrophages

60
Q

Mucous connective tissue is common in ___ and not in ___

A

embryo; adults

61
Q

Where is mucous connective tissue emeplified in?

A

Wharton’s jelly in umbilical cord

62
Q

What are the two types of adipose tissue that are grossly distinguishable?

A

Yellow adipose tissue and Brown adipose issue

63
Q

What type of tissue contains a predominant cellular element called fat or adipose cells?

A

Adipose Tissue

64
Q

Which cell type is primarily responsible for storing fats, particularly triglycerides, within its cytoplasm?

A

Adipose Cell

65
Q

In which parts of the body does adipose tissue function as a shock absorber?

A

Soles of the feet and around the kidneys

66
Q

What type of stain is commonly used to clearly visualize the reticular fibers in reticular tissue?

A

Silver Stain

67
Q

It serves as the supporting framework or stroma of the lymph node

A

Reticular tissue

68
Q

What type of cells are typically found attached to reticular fibers, which create complicated networks?

A

Reticular fibers

69
Q

A connective tissue in which the predominant fibrillar component is the elastic fiber

A

Elastic tissue

70
Q

Predominant cells in elastic tissue

A

Fibroblasts

71
Q

Ligamenta flava of the vertebral column and Suspensory ligament of the penis exemplifies what type of tissue?

A

Elastic tissue

72
Q

T/F: Few collagenous fibers and fibroblasts are found in between the elastic fibers

A

T

73
Q

The largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

74
Q

Darkly staining band that occupies the lower half of the aorta

A

Tunica media

75
Q

Which histologic layer of the heart can the elastic lamellae be observed?

A

Tunica media

76
Q

Seen as wavy black lines consisting of sheets of elastin

A

Elastic lamellae

77
Q

Histologic layer of the heart that is made up of loose connective tissue; has fibroblasts

A

Tunica adventitia

78
Q

Which are the main cellular elements of the tissue in the aorta?

A

Fibroblasts

79
Q

It is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium layer of the skin that forms the most superficial layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

80
Q

It is the layer of the skin under the epidermis and has extracellular areas within its two layers

A

Dermis

81
Q

What type of tissue is the Papillary layer of the Dermis made up of?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

82
Q

What type of tissue is the Reticular layer of the Dermis made up of?

A

Dense Irregular Tissue

83
Q

Which of the two layers of the Dermis consists more of Collagen Fibers?

A

Reticular Layer

84
Q

It is the predominant connective tissue cell in loose and dense irregular connective tissue

A

Fibroblast

85
Q

What is the shape of the Fibroblasts nucleus?

A

Elongated Ovoid Nucleus

86
Q

It is a type of white blood cells numerous in the loose connective tissue that comprises the papillary layer of the dermis

A

Lymphocytes

87
Q

What is the shape of the Lymphocytes nucleus?

A

Dark Round or Kidney Shaped Nucleus

88
Q

These cells have intensely basophilic cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus

A

Plasma Cells

89
Q

These cells have a multilobulated nucleus

A

Neutrophils

90
Q

These cells can only be distinguished from fibroblasts if they have phagocytosed material in their cytoplasm

A

Macrophages

91
Q

It is a layer of the skin located below the Dermis

A

Hypodermis

92
Q

After preparation these cells consists simply of a large space and flattened nucleus located in the side of the cell

A

Adipose Cells

93
Q

Another name for the Adipose Cells due to their close resemblance to rings

A

Signet Ring Cells

94
Q

What are the three types of tissues found in the Skin, Fingertip

A

Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Irregular Connective Tissue, and Adipose Tissue

95
Q

True or False, Collagen fibers are prominent in only the Papillary layer of the dermis

A

FALSE, it is found in both layers of the Dermis

96
Q

True or False, Adipocytes are found in the hypodermis of the fingertip wherein they are more typical and better preserved than in the skin in the sole of foot

A

TRUE

97
Q

What is the layer of loose connective tissue immediately underneath the epithelium?

A

Lamina Propria

98
Q

Enumerate the three (3) cells found in the Lamina Propria

A

Fibroblasts, Lymphocytes, Plasma Cells, Macrophages, Mast Cells, Neutrophils, and Eosinophils

99
Q

What is the cell in the Lamina Propria that is morphologically typical in it?

A

Fibroblast

100
Q

What are the small white blood cells with a round to reniform nucleus that occupies the whole cell?

A

Lymphocytes

101
Q

True or False: Plasma cells have highly acidophilic cytoplasm.

A

FALSE. Plasma Cells have highly basophilic cytoplasm.

102
Q

What do you call the visiting cell in the Lamina Propria that has an eccentric nucleus?

A

Plasma Cells

103
Q

It is a cell that can only be distinguished from fibroblasts if they have phagocytic material in their cytoplasm.

A

Macrophages

104
Q

It is a cell that is present in the Lamina Propria but cannot be identified.

A

Mast Cells

105
Q

What are the two (2) white blood cells that populate the Lamina Propria?

A

Neutrophils and Eosinophils

106
Q

It is a layer of loose connective tissue that also has fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and other connective tissue cells.

A

Submucosa

107
Q

It is a tough cord or band made up of dense regular connective tissue
that serves to attach skeletal muscles to other structures.

A

Tendon

108
Q

True or False: Tendon consists largely of collagen fiber bundles.

A

TRUE

109
Q

Tendons contain this cell which have flattened elongated nucleus

A

Fibroblasts

110
Q

What structure envelopes the spleen?

A

Capsule

111
Q

What type of tissue is the capsule of the spleen made of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

112
Q

What do you call the mucous tissue that mainly makes up the umbilical cord?

A

Wharton’s jelly

113
Q

True or False: Wharton’s jelly has abundant extracellular fibers and cells.

A

FALSE. It has scarce number of extracellular fibers and cells

114
Q

True or False: Most cells in Wharton’s jelly look like fibroblasts but are outnumbered by mesenchymal cells.

A

TRUE

115
Q

True or False: The umbilical cord has 1 artery and 2 veins.

A

FALSE. The umbilical cord has 2 artieries and 1 vein

116
Q

What is the small tubular structure in the umbilical cors that is vestigial to humans?

A

Allantois

117
Q

What is the predominant cell in elastic fiber?

A

Fibroblast cell

118
Q

True or False. Elastic fibers branch and anastomose.

A

TRUE

119
Q

What stain is used for elastic fibers that make them appear blue to black?

A

Orcein stain

120
Q

What makes up the homogenous and amorphous core of elastic fibers?

A

Elastin

121
Q

What is the longitudinal bundle that surrounds elastin in elastic fibers?

A

Microfibrils

122
Q

True or False: Elastic fibers have lesser tensile strength than collagen fibers.

A

TRUE

123
Q

What cells secrete the substances needed for formation of elastic fibers?

A

Fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells

124
Q

What is the precursor of elastin?

A

Tropoelastin

125
Q

True or False: Elastic fibers are scarce in structures subjected to frequent stretching.

A

FALSE. Elastic fibers are abundant in structures subjected to frequent stretching.

126
Q

True or False: Elastin is resistant to boiling and hydrolysis by acids, alkali,
and most enzymes.

A

TRUE

127
Q

The skin and the fingertips have three (3) types of connective tissue. What are these?

A

Loose connective tissue, Dense irregular connective tissue, Adipose tissue

128
Q

What type of fibers are found in the two layers of the dermis?

A

Collagen fibers

129
Q

What cells are found in the hypodermis of the fingertip, where they are better preserved than in the sole of the foot?

A

Adipocytes

130
Q

Represents the largest energy storage site of the body

A

Adipose tissue

131
Q

Adipose tissue serves as a thermal insulator, particularly stored in which area?

A

Subcutaneous area

132
Q

Connective tissue that functions as a shock absorber, particularly in the soles of the feet and around the kidneys?

A

Adipose tissue

133
Q

Stain used to identiy and stain reticular fibers black

A

Silver stain

134
Q

Serves as the supporting framework or stroma of the lymph node

A

Reticular tissue

Module 1B (7 decks)

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