10. Commander and Control/Emergency management

Question 1

What is TENR

Answer 1

Threat is assessed - this means any individual, And act, Or anything that is likely to cause harm or have the potential to hinder Place in the performance of their duties
Exposure is managed - Including the potential for harm (physical or otherwise) to people or the security of places or things
Necessity to intervene immediately is considered.- Is there a need to intervene now, Later, Or not at all.
Response - Any responses proportionate, And based on a considered assessment of threat, exposure and necessity.

Question 2

What does command include?

Answer 2

• Leadership
• Control and effective decision-making
• Behaving lawfully and ethically with a prevention and victim focus

Question 3

What are the principles of command and control?

I.M.T.W

Answer 3

• Involves the gathering information
• Making decisions
• Taking action
  -Communicating effectively
• Working with other agencies to accomplish a common goal

Question 4

The obligation is to put safety first. How is this done?

M.P.S

Answer 4

Minimise harm, Provide better service and have safer communities

Question 5

When responding to an incident, The primary responsibility to ensure risk is managed by whom?

Answer 5

The incident controller/commander

Question 6

What do police use to help assist risk in a dynamic environment? What does it determine? What is it?

Answer 6

The TENR threat assessment model. It determines how we intervene or deploy. It is a decision making process that supports timely and accurate assessment of information directly relevant to the safety of Police and others

Question 7

What does the threat assessment mythology help staff balance?

Answer 7

The maintenance of safety with effective execution of their duties

Question 8

What is the initial incident to major sustained operations, TENR and the assessment and management of health and safety?

Answer 8

Dynamic and Continuous and must be applied at all times as Police escalate their response

Question 9

What is the purpose of the principles of command? What are they aimed at?

Answer 9

Purpose of the principles of command
- Provide a foundation from which our commanders can perform their duties
- Be agile and response and have the freedom to respond to circumstances as they evolve.
These principles are aimed at enabling our people to use their recent judgement and operational experience to develop response

Question 10

Who takes initial control?

Answer 10

The emergency communication centre, Then a senior person in the field and then to the commander

Question 11

The extent/level of the commanders freedom to act is determined by what? What must commanders be aware of?

Answer 11

• Any limitation set,
• Constraints imposed or risk posed to responders in the community

Commanders must be aware that there may be
- Legal, financial, organisational and environment considerations that impact on the decisions

Question 12

What must there be in regards to unity of command and control?

Answer 12

A clear chain of command. All units and staff must be aware of supervisors

Question 13

What is the limit of people a commander can control/Manage? What must they be given?

Answer 13

2 to 7 direct reports depending on complexity of incident/operation so the commander is not overloaded.
They must be given
-Sufficient capacity and capability to execute the mission

Question 14

What is important about the continuity and command and control? What should commanders ensure during the planning phase?

Answer 14

It must be sustainable where they can delegate tasks and have identified officers as replacements

Question 15

What are obligations of commanders and what must they ensure? What are they Accountable for?

Answer 15

• Community, Health and well-being of staff and the reputation of NZ Police.

They must ensure:
- Behave lawfully and ethically and professionally and in line with our values
Commanders are:
- accountable for decisions made and the consequences

Question 16

Who can controllers command?

Answer 16

Staff within their own agency and the Control response.
A controller doesn’t command other agencies staff

Question 17

Draw the command, Control and coordination diagram

Answer 17

Command Applies vertically to one agency.
Control Applies horizontally across agencies.
Coordination is assisted by defined control and command arrangements (at the top)

Question 18

What three levels of command are there?

Answer 18

Tactical, Operational and Strategic command.

Question 19

What is a tactical command and its function?

C.C.C.M

Answer 19

The Tactical level is:
- When all Police resources are applied directly within the community.
- Almost all policing occurs at a tactical level. (It includes squads such as specialist groups AOS, SAR.)

Functions:
- Cordons
- Command of immediate situations and responses
- Command of all police resources in attendance
- Manage inter- agency cooperation

Question 20

What is an Operational command and its functions?

C.T.C.M.I

Answer 20

The Operational level exists when:
- multiple tactical levels occur or
- complex situation
requires a higher level of command

Functions:
- Command of overall incident/s
- Tasking of specialist groups (AOS)
- Command of resource distribution to roles
- Managing consequences of ongoing responses or event development
- Interagency coordination at operational level

Question 21

What is Strategic command and its functions?

C.C.C.C.L

Answer 21

The Strategic level is required when:
- The scope, consequences, community or political implications of an event require management.

Functions:
- Command of overall incident/s
- Command multiple operational activities
- Command community engagement
- Command consequence management
- Liaison with executive, Government and media

Question 22

Describe steady state policing?

A.M.E.R

Answer 22

The activities Police respond to and manage as part of the everyday responsibilities

Question 23

What is a rising tide incident?

Answer 23

• Incidents that develop from a steady state to become an emergency or major incident over a more prolonged period of time (severe weather events/widespread flooding)

Requires:
- Careful consideration to ensure the nature of the incident is properly understood and proportionate response applied

Question 24

What is a spontaneous incident?

Answer 24

• Have no warning to develop response or contingency plans.
• Requires an initial response and increasing the level of intelligence or understanding of what has occurred

Question 25

What can a pre-planned operation develop into?

Answer 25

Pre-planned can develop into a spontaneous incident due to new or evolving situation (eg a planned demonstration resulting into disorder breaking out.)

Question 26

What is the key distinction between preplanned and spontaneous?

Answer 26

Time

Question 27

What is CIMS? What framework does it establish?

C.S.F.P.T

Answer 27

CIMS
- Police use coordinated incident management system as a model to support operational command.

CIMS framework establishes
- Consistent principles
- Structures
- Functions
- Processes and
- Terminology for response to events

It can be used for one agency or multiagency response

Question 28

CIMS provides the means for what?

Answer 28

Coordinating the efforts of different agencies as they work towards the common goal of responding to and stabilising an incident and protecting life, property and the environment.

Question 29

What do CIMS principles recognise?

Answer 29

• That each agency needs to retain its own command structures and working systems to function effectively within its own sphere of operations.
• It provides an over-arching incident management system that works across all central and local government agencies and emergency services.

Question 30

What does following an appreciation process allow for?

Answer 30

The situation to be broken down into smaller components so that each can be examined in detail, clearly and logically.

Question 31

What is the AFCO appreciation model?

Answer 31

Aim
Factors
Courses of action
Outline of plan

Question 32

What does the aim do?
What should the commanders intent contain?

Answer 32

Outlines what the operation aim is to achieve -“To ..

Commanders intent
- is a clear, concise directive, verbal or written, that outlines the basic purpose of the operation.

Commanders intent should contain
- Timeline for planning
- Any higher-level commanders guidance
- The lower level commanders mission, purpose and key tasks
- An updated commanders critical information requirements (CCIR) list
- any priorities determined by the commander
- The commanders desired end state.

Question 33

What is a factor? What should be considered?

Answer 33

A Factor is a circumstance or influence that may impact on the operation.

Each factor should be considered both for its potential impact and how it can be mitigated
against
“So what” - potential impact
“Therefore” - helps to Identify the mitigation and contributes to identifying a task or activity for the plan
Factor: weather
So what - forecast is heavy rain
Therefore - Staff deployed with wet weather gear

Question 34

Examples of other factors?

Answer 34

Ground
Time
Weather/environment
Risk
Offender
Intelligence
Health and safety
Legal
Community impact assessment
Police role
Media
Political considerations
Budget

Question 35

Examples of considerations?

Answer 35

Terrain, location of incident
Critical times- School/Peak our traffic
forecasts/tides
TENR - Risk to community or offender
History- Most likely action
Until requirements
Policies, Hazards, Welfare
Achieved- Tactics used

Question 36

What is a Community impact assessment? When should it be considered?

Answer 36

Community Impact Assessment (CIA)
- is a risk assessment which looks to identify considerations that should be considered during an immediate response or a planned operation to minimise harm, increase safety for our community and maintain trust and confidence in Police.

Question 37

Will there be only one course of action with CIA?

Answer 37

No, but depends on time. If no immediate response there should be multiple courses of action ranked in order of preference

Question 38

What does the plan outline?

Answer 38

The plan outlines how the operation will be conducted.
Ground
Situation
Mission
Execution
Admin and logistics
Command and signals

Question 39

Can operational Orders be verbal? What must they be?

Answer 39

Yes, due to spontaneous situations that require a rapid response.

They must be
- Clear, simple, as accurate as possible and capable of being executed
- Given to staff and sufficient time so they may act on it

Question 40

CIMS uses the term action plan as opposed to what?

Answer 40

Operational orders

Question 41

What should operational orders be?

Answer 41

Recorded

Question 42

What is the purpose of a debrief and what should it focus on?

Answer 42

A debrief is for staff to share and communicate their experience And lessons identified in a no blame environment

Question 43

What must a debrief Also intend to identify?

Answer 43

Policy practice and procedure to determine how to constantly improve operational effectiveness. What went wrong and what went well so that good practices can be repeated and sustained

Question 44

Where else should attendees or input be included from for a debrief?

Answer 44

ECC And DCC if relevant

Question 45

What is an operational order?

Answer 45

Format for controller/ commander to record a plan
- to convey to staff desired outcome/how op will be conducted.
- Its a directive on how set tasks are to be carried out

Question 46

Police use an appreciation process to do what?

Answer 46

Identify the factors that can impact on response, Identify courses of action available and make decisions that assist in developing sound plans

Question 47

What is a pre-planned operation?

Answer 47

When Police have the opportunity and time to develop a plan and tactics before an operation is undertaken.
The amount of time will vary depending on size and nature of the event. (It may be several hours for a search warrant, to 7 months or years for major international sporting event.