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Animal Science 310 (Animal Physiology) > 10: CNS Sensory Physiology > Flashcards

10: CNS Sensory Physiology Flashcards

Integrated Functions Sensory Physiology

1
Q

The master of controlling and communication system of the body specialized to quickly detect and response to stimuli

A

The nervous system

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2
Q

The nervous system is composed of these two:

A
  1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

This NS controls the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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4
Q

This NS controls the peripheral nerves and receptors; efferent and afferent division

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

Division for motor responses

A

Efferent division

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6
Q

Division for sensory information

A

Afferent division

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7
Q

It relay sensory information to the appropriate area of the cortex

A

Sensory pathways

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8
Q

The information that comes from the external environment

A

Sensory information

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9
Q

The information that comes from the internal environment

A

Visceral afferent

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10
Q

The division of the PNS that is responsible for voluntary control skeletal muscle. It controls motor neurons

A

Somatic

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11
Q

The division of the PNS that is responsible for involuntary control muscles such as heart, smooth muscles, etc.

A

Autonomic

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12
Q

Sense information from the body

A

Peripheral receptors

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13
Q

The nerves that bring in sensory information to the brain

A

Peripheral Sensory Nerves

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14
Q

The nerves that carry motor commands to muscles, organs and glands.

A

Peripheral Motor Nerves or Peripheral Effectors

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15
Q

This processing is essential for regulating and coordinating the body’s behavioral responses to the environment. such as attention and arousal, perception of the world around us, memory and emotion.

A

Sensory Processing

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16
Q

The conscious interpretation of the external world created by patterns of activity in the brain.

A

Perception

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17
Q

Neurons/cells located in Afferent Division of the Peripheral Nervous System and receive information from peripheral sensory receptors

A

Sensory neurons

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18
Q

Bundles of sensory axons in the Peripheral Nervous System that contact neurons in the CNS (spinal cord or brain)

A

Sensory nerves

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19
Q

3 Main divisions of sensory processing

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Visceral
  3. Special Senses
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20
Q

-Division of the sensory processing responsible for body senses, skin, muscles and joints.

A

Somatic

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21
Q

-Division of the sensory processing responsible for organs and chemicals in blood.

A

Visceral

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22
Q

-Division of the sensory processing responsible for vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell

A

Special Senses

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23
Q

-Carries action potentials from skin, joints to CNS

A

Somatic afferent nerves

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24
Q

-Carries action potential from organs within ventral body cavities, stomach and intestine

A

Visceral afferent nerves

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25
Q

-Carries action potential from eyes, ears, smell and taste.

A

Special Sense afferent nerves

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26
Q

3 Receptor Physiology

A
  1. Sensory receptors
  2. Transduction
  3. Adaptation
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27
Q

Produced by a stimulus acting on the sensory receptor by opening or closing ion channels

A

Receptor potential

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28
Q

Specialized ending of an afferent neuron

A

Sensory receptor

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29
Q

Change detectable by the body

A

Stimulus

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30
Q

Responds to stimuli by producing depolarizing graded potentials (receptor potentials)

A

Receptor

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31
Q

Conversion of stimulus energy (light, heat) into electrical signals

A

Sensory Transduction

32
Q

Conversion of stimulus energy into electrical energy

A

Transduction

33
Q

Energy form of stimulus (light waves, sound waves, pressure, temperature and chemicals)

34
Q

A given Sensory Receptor show specifically to a particular modality

A

Law of Specific Nerve Energies

35
Q

Special cells in the eyes that detect light waves

A

Photoreceptors

36
Q

Modality to which receptor responds best

A

Adequate stimulus

37
Q

4 Classes of receptors

A
  1. Photoreceptors
  2. Chemoreceptors
  3. mechanoreceptors
  4. Thermoreceptors
38
Q
  • Change in membrane potential in response to a stimulus acting on a sensory receptor
  • Graded potential
  • Caused by opening/closing of ion channels
  • Can produce action potentials if greater than threshold
A

Receptor Potential

39
Q

Decrease over time in the magnitude of receptor potential in the presence of a constant stimulus; receptors are able to adapt to different stimuli

A

Receptor Adaptation

40
Q
  • Receptors respond with a change in receptor potential that persists for the duration of the stimulus
  • signals the intensity of a prolonged stimulus (Ex. muscle stretch)
A

Slowly adapting receptors

41
Q
  • Receptors that respond with a change in receptor potential at the onset of a stimulus but then adapt.
  • Adapt quickly, functions best in detecting changes in stimulus intensity (Ex. olfactory receptors (odor), Pacinian corpuscles (vibration)
A

Rapidly adapting receptors

42
Q

Neurons will REDUCE their response to repeated stimuli by depressing synaptic activity

A

Habituation

43
Q

Neurons will INCREASE their responsiveness to stimuli following strong or noxious stimulus

A

Sensitization

44
Q

Comprises a single afferent neuron and all the receptors associated with it

A

Sensory Unit

45
Q

The area over which an adequate stimulus can produce a response (can be either excitatory or inhibitory) in the afferent neuron

A

Receptive field

46
Q

Primary neuron (First Order) running from the receptor to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord or medulla nuclei

A

Receptor level

47
Q

Secondary neuron synapse with the first, crosses to the other side in the medulla and travels up to the higher regions of the brain and transmit impulses TO THE THALAMUS.

A

Circuit level

48
Q

(Third Order) Neuron transmit impulses from the thalamus TO THE CORTEX

A

Perception level

49
Q

5 Sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

A
  1. Vestibular cortex
  2. Somatosensory cortex
  3. Auditory cortex
  4. Olfactory cortex
  5. Visual cortex
50
Q

Sensation information goes to this part of the cerebral cortex.

A

Somatosensory cortex

51
Q

MAPS of information in the CNS

A

Labeled Lines

52
Q

responsible for the different parts of the body

A

Primary Motor Cortex

53
Q

Sensory neurons respond to stimulus information within small regions of input

A

Receptive fields

54
Q

How is the sensitivity of an area determined?

A
  1. Size of the area

2. The number of the receptors per area

55
Q

The matter that contains myelinated axons

A

White matter

56
Q

The matter that contains non-myelinated material (cell bodies, dendrites, non-myelinated axons)

A

Gray matter

57
Q

Axons in CNS

58
Q

Bundles of axons in PNS

59
Q

Group of cell bodies in the CNS

60
Q

Group of cell bodies in the PNS

61
Q

The sensation of body surfaces (skin, muscles and joint sensation)

A

Somatic Sensation

62
Q

3 Somatic Sensory Receptors

A
  1. Skin Sensation
  2. Muscle
  3. Joint
63
Q

4 Somatic Sensory Neurons

A
  1. Pseudo- unipolar neurons
  2. Myolinated
  3. Large cell body lies in the dorsal root ganglia next to the spinal cord
  4. Action potential intiated at the peripheral end
64
Q

2 Somatic Sensory Processing

A
  1. Spinal cord

2. Brain

65
Q

Two functional halves of spinal cord grey matter

A
  1. Dorsal

2. Ventral

66
Q

Axons of afferent neurons ENTER the spinal cord through this root

A

Dorsal root

67
Q

Axons of afferent neurons TERMINATE in this horn

A

Dorsal horn

68
Q

(Spinal cord) The cell bodies are located in here.

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

69
Q

Axons of efferent neurons originate in the ventral horn and EXIT through this root.

A

Ventral root

70
Q

Two main pathways transmit information from peripheral somatosensory receptors to the CNS

A
  1. The dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

2. Spinothalamic tract

71
Q

Somatosensory pathway for fine touch, vibration and propioceptors

A

The dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

72
Q

Somatosensory pathway for temperature and pain (lateral) and crude touch and pressure (anterior)

A

Spinothalamic tract

73
Q

Localized in specialized sense organs and bring in sensory information from the environment to the CNS

A

Special sense

74
Q

5 Special Senses

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Auditory
  3. Gustatory
  4. Vestibular
  5. Visual
75
Q

Integration of the gustatory system

A

Medulla oblongata, thalamus –> gustatory cortex

76
Q

Integration of olfactory system

A

limbic and hypothalamus –> olfactory cortex

77
Q

Integration of the visual system

A

thalamus –> visual cortex

Animal Science 310 (Animal Physiology) (3 decks)

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