10 - Classification and evolution Flashcards
What is classification?
the process of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.
What is taxonomy?
the study of classification
How many taxonomic groups are there and what are they in order?
7
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
King Philip came over for good suck
What is a species?
The smallest and most specific taxonomic group.
A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce viable and fertile offspring.
Why do scientists classify organisms?
- to identify species
- to predict characteristics
- to find evolutionary links
How do you use the binomial naming system?
Genus + species
Genus must be in capital
When handwritten, name must be underlined.
Advantages of the binomial naming system?
to avoid the confusion of using common names.
What are the 5 kingdoms?
PROKARYOTES:
- prokaryotae
EUKARYOTES:
- protoctista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
features of prokaryotae
- prokaryotic
- unicellular
- no nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- ring of naked DNA
- small ribosomes
- nutrients absorbed through cell wall or produced internally by photosynthesis.
features of protoctista
- eukaryotic
- mainly unicellular
- nucleus present
- membrane bound organelles present.
- some have chloroplasts
- some are autotrophic (photosynthesis)
- some are heterotrophic (ingest other organisms).
- some are both
- some parasitic.
features of fungi
- eukaryotic
- unicellular/multicellular
- no mechanisms for locomotion.
- chitin cell wall
- saprophytic feeders (absorb nutrients from dead/decaying organisms).
- some are parasitic
- glycogen food store.
features of plantae
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- chlorophyll
- most do not move
- autotrophic (produce their own food by photosynthesis).
- starch food store
features of animalia
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- no chloroplast
- no cell walls
- nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- has mechanisms for locomotion (cilia, flagella, muscular organs).
- heterotrophic feeders (nutrients absorbed by ingestion)
- glycogen food store
what are heterotrophic feeders?
acquire nutrients by ingestion of other organisms
what are saprophytic feeders?
- acquire nutrients from dead/decaying organisms.
what are autotrophic feeders?
- they produce their own food e.g plants by photosynthesis.
What are domains?
a further level of classification at the top of the hierarchy.
Difference between kingdom and domain classification system?
kingdom classification system: - highest hierarchy is kingdom - 5 kingdoms: prokaryotae protoctista fungi plantae animalia
Domain classification system: - highest hierarchy is domain - 6 kingdoms: eubacteria archaebacteria protoctista plantae fungi animalia
in the 3 domain classification system, the prokaryotae kingdom is split into two: eubacteria and archaebacteria.
What are the three domains?
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
bacteria kingdoms:
- eubacteria
archaea kingdoms:
- archaebacteria
eukarya kingdoms:
- protoctista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
features of bacteria domain
- 70s ribosomes
- RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins.
features of archaea domain
- 70s ribosomes
- RNA polymerase contains 8-10 proteins