10 - Change

Question 1

What are the 5 main types of change

Answer 1

• Rapid/crisis/catastrophic
• Long term/strategic
• Incremental/tactical/short term/anticipated
• Disruptive
• Operational

Question 2

What is meant by rapid/crisis/catastrophic change

Answer 2

Being unexpectedly forced to change

Question 4

What is meant by long term/strategic change

Answer 4

Planned change for the long term future

Question 5

What is meant by incremental/tactical/short term/anticipated change

Answer 5

Step by step change as a business progress

Eg school

Question 6

What is meant by operational change

Answer 6

When the business changes the way it does something

Question 7

What is meant by disruptive change

Answer 7

Change that causes short term issues eg redundancy

Question 9

What is meant by drivers for change

Answer 9

The stakeholders who push for change

Question 10

What is meant by drivers against change

Answer 10

Stakeholders who push against change

Question 11

Why is it important to manager change effectively

Answer 11

• Avoid drivers against change eg employee resistance

- Avoid wasting resources in an attempt to implement a failed change

Question 12

Examples of internal factors that are drivers for change

Answer 12

• Desire for profits
• Level of staff turnover
• Level of productivity
• Quality of current culture

Question 13

Examples of external factors that are drivers against change

Answer 13

• Customer demand
• Competition
• Changes In costs
• Ethics
• Social trends
• Technology
• Government

Question 14

Examples of drivers against change

Answer 14

• Employee resistance
• Unions
• Media coverage
• Political interference

Question 15

Examples of feats a business can help to manage and motivate change

Answer 15

• Improve employer-employee relations
• Make no-strike deals with unions
• Use ACAS if necessary
• Inclusion of unions through discussions
• Allow employee co-operation

Question 16

What is Lewin’s 3 step change management model

Answer 16

1) Unfreeze problems (remove dissent)
2) Change/transition (introduce new practices)
3) Freeze/re-freeze (re-enforce new practices)

Question 17

Positives if Lewin’s 3 step model

Answer 17

• Enforces need to get rid of problems and ensure the change is implemented with intent (re-freezing)
• Recognises the need for a period of transition for change to be implemented

Question 18

Evaluation of Lewin’s 3 step model

Answer 18

• Vague/too simplistic (doesn’t suggest how each phase can be done)
• Assumes it is always possible to remove problems and re-freeze new change
• Suggests transition period is as simple as introduce new practices
• Assumes business make a change and then remain like that, but in reality there may be a constant need for change

Question 19

What are the 8 parts of Kotter’s 8-step model

Answer 19

1 - Create a sense of urgency
2 - Form a powerful coalition
3 - Create a vision for change
4 - Communicate the vision 
5 - Remove obstacles
6 - Create short-term wins
7 - Build on the change
8 - Anchor the change in culture

Question 20

Criticisms of Kotter’s model

Answer 20

• Assumes change is linear in the order shown
• Is not time specific
• Some steps are costly
• Ignores external issues that may emerge

Question 21

What are the parts of McKinsey’s 7-S model

Answer 21

Strategy
Structure
Systems
Style
Staff
Skills
Shares values

Question 22

What does McKinsey believe about the 7 factors

Answer 22

That all 7 components must align for change to be successful

Question 23

Advantage of McKinsey’s model

Answer 23

It can be used as a checklist to identify weak links when trying to implement change

Question 24

Criticisms of McKinsey’s model

Answer 24

• Not time specific
• Assumes all of these are easily identifiable
• Ignores external issues

Question 25

What is meant by internal sources of change

Answer 25

When factors within the business are driving change

Question 26

What is meant by external sources of change

Answer 26

What factors from outside the business are driving change