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Question 1

Anterior thigh muscles

Answer 1

All innervated by femoral nerve (L2-L4)

1. Iliopsoas muscle-
   A: Psoas major muscle: bodies and transverse processes of T12-L5 vertebrae for origin (innervated by anterior rami L1-L3)

B: Iliacus muscle: iliac fossa for origin

Both insert at the lesser trochanter and are the main hip flexor

2. Sartorius muscle- crosses hip and knee
   Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
   Insertion: proximal anteromedial tibia
   Action: hip flexion, external rotation, abduction, knee flexion
3. Quadriceps- all cross knee via patellar ligament (tendon) to tibial tuberosity

A: Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine, only one that crosses the hip
B: Vastus lateralis: greater trochanter, Linea aspera
C: Vastus medialis: linea aspera
D: Vastus intermedius: anterior femur

All insert at the quadriceps tendon, knee extension, rectus femoris also does hip flexion

Patellar retinacula is from the medial and lateral Vastus muscles

Question 2

Medial thigh muscles

Answer 2

General innervation: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Blood supply: obturator artery
General action: hip adduction, obturator external does hip external rotation

1. Pectineus-
O: pectineal line (pubis)
I: proximal medial femur
Medial Fibers adduction hip, superficial fibers flex hip
Femoral nerve too

2. Adductor brevis-
   O: body of pubis
   I: linea aspera proximal third
3. Adductor longus-
   O: body of pubis
   I: linea aspera middle third
4. Adductor magnus-
   O: ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
   I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
   Hamstring part extends hip, tibial division of sciatic nerve

5. Gracilis-
O: body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
I: proximal anteromedial tibia
Adductor hip and flexes knee
Only adductor to cross knee

6. Obturator externus

Question 3

Pes anserinus

Answer 3

Increases stability of medial knee

Say Grace before tea

Sartorius
Gracilis,
Pes anserine bursa
Semitendinosis

Question 4

Femoral triangle

Answer 4

Borders-
Superior: inguinal ligament
Lateral: sartorius muscle
Medial: adductor longus muscle
Floor: iliopsoas and pectineus muscles

Femoral sheath: inguinal lymph nodes, femoral vein and artery

Question 5

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 5

Comes off lateral meniscus

Behind PCL