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Question 1

Deep Gluteal muscles

Answer 1

From superficial to deep:

1. Piriformis m.
2. Superior gemellus m.
3. Obtruator internus m.
4. Inferior gemellus m.
5. Quadratus femoris m.

Question 2

Gluteus Maximus m.

Answer 2

O: posterior ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

I: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity

Actions: hip extension (especially when flexed), hip external (lateral) rotation

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 3

Gluteus Medius and Minimus mm.

Answer 3

O: external surface of ilium

I: lateral aspect of greater trochanter

Action: hip abduction and internal (medial) rotation

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 4

Tensor fascia latae

Answer 4

O: anterior superior iliac spine, anterior-lateral portion of iliac crest

I: iliotibal tract

Action: abduct and internally rotate hip, assists to keep pelvis level when ipsilateral Limb is bearing weight (Trendelenburg Test)

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 5

Spinal nerves

Answer 5

31 pairs

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Cocyx (Co)

Question 6

Sensory vs. Motor

Answer 6

Sensory: posterior root and posterior horn

Motor: anterior horn to the anterior root

Question 7

Nerve plexus

Answer 7

Region where anterior primary rami merge and interchange fibers before forming a named peripheral nerve

Cervical plexus: C1-C5
Brachial plexus: C5-T1
Thoracic: T1-T12, segmental with no nerve plexus
Lumbar plexus: L1-L4
Sacral plexus: L4-S4

Question 8

Clunial nerves

Answer 8

Superior clunial nerves: L1-L3, upper part of buttocks

Medical clunial nerves: S1-S3, buttock by midline of body

Inferior clunial nerves: lower part of buttocks

Question 9

Major nerves of the lower extremity

Answer 9

Sciatic: formed from anterior rami of L4-S3, splits into tibial and common peroneal (fibular) nerve at the popliteal fossa

Femoral nerve: L2-L4, anterior division of lumbosacral plexus, passes under inguinal ligament

Obturator nerve: L2-L4, anterior division of lumbosacral plexus, exits the pelvis through the obturator canal

Tibial nerve: posterior leg, splits into the medial and lateral plantar nerves

Common fibulae nerve: laterally along fibulae head on anterior side, splits into superficial and deep peroneal nerves

Superficial peroneal nerve: innervates lateral compartment of leg, becomes cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the

Question 10

5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus

Answer 10

C5-T1

1. Musculocutaneous nerve: anterior compartment of arm
2. Median nerve: innervates majority of muscles in forearm, anterior compartment
3. Ulnar nerve: courses along medial posterior elbow and innervates majority of hand muscles, anterior compartment of forearm
4. Axillary nerve: courses posteriorly to innervates terses minor muscle and deltoid
5. Radial nerve: posterior compartment of arm to innervate extensor compartments of arm and forearm

Question 11

Veins of the lower extremity

Answer 11

Great saphenous: anterior to medial malleolus, ascends up medial leg, drains into femoral vein

Small saphenous: courses from the dorsal venous arch, posterior to lateral malleolus, drains deep into popliteal vein

Question 12

Arteries of the lower extremity

Answer 12

External iliac Artery: in the pelvis, becomes the femoral Artery after cross under the inguinal ligament

Femoral Artery: branch off in proximal thigh to become deep artery of the thigh

Deep artery of the thigh

Popliteal Artery: once femoral Artery passes through adductor hiatus

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries: gluteal muscles

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries: proximal branches off he deep artery of the thigh

Anterior tibial Artery: from popliteal artery

Dorsalis pedis artery: from the anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery: from the popliteal artery

Fibular Artery: from the posterior tibial artery

Medial and lateral plantar arteries: from the fibular artery